中国媒介生物学及控制杂志 ›› 2009, Vol. 20 ›› Issue (4): 295-297.

• 论著 • 上一篇    下一篇

广东省乡镇家栖鼠形动物种类结构及季节繁殖的观察

张涛1,冯志勇2,陈戊申3,张世炎1,梁练1,麦海1,胡杰1,梁文佳1   

  1. 1 广东省湛江鼠疫防治研究所(湛江 524037); 2 广东省农业科学院植物保护研究所; 3 深圳市疾病预防控制中心
  • 收稿日期:2009-04-22 出版日期:2009-08-20 发布日期:2009-08-20
  • 作者简介:张涛(1965-),男,宁夏中宁县人,主任医师,副所长,主要从事有害生物控制和鼠疫研究工作。

The population composition and breeding of rat?shape rodents in different seasons in Guangdong province

ZHANG Tao, FENG Zhi-Yong, CHEN Wu-Shen, ZHANG Shi-Yan, LIANG Lian, MAI Hai, HU Jie, LIANG Wen-Jia   

  1. Guangdong Provincial Institute of Plague Control and Research, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524037, China
  • Received:2009-04-22 Online:2009-08-20 Published:2009-08-20

摘要:

  【摘要】 目的 了解广东省家栖鼠形动物种类构成及在不同季节的繁殖情况,为科学灭鼠提供理论依据。方法 按照随机抽样的原则,每月选择1个乡镇,采取逐日捕鼠方法,实施监测和调查。同时将捕获的鼠形动物进行鉴定及解剖,观察并记录妊娠情况。结果 广东省乡镇居民区鼠形动物的笼捕率平均为9.98%,其中鼠类的笼捕率为4.98%;鼠形动物种群构成比分别为褐家鼠48.73%、黄胸鼠15.50%、臭鼩鼱35.17%、小家鼠0.59%;其中褐家鼠年平均妊娠率为4.06%,平均每胎妊娠胎仔数为5.35只;黄胸鼠年平均妊娠率为5.63%,平均每胎妊娠胎仔数为2.76只;臭鼩鼱年平均妊娠率为15.00%,平均每胎妊娠胎仔数为3.32只。结论 在城镇居民区褐家鼠和臭鼩鼱已成为绝对优势种,小家鼠为少见种;褐家鼠和黄胸鼠的繁殖期一年有春秋季2个高峰,其中春季的繁殖高峰超过秋季,但褐家鼠在8月还有一个小的繁殖高峰。臭鼩鼱一年四季均可繁殖,也有2个高峰,其中前峰出现在3-6月,后峰在10-11月。鼠密度也呈现春秋两季的高峰期。广东省需实施春秋两季的灭鼠。

关键词: 鼠形动物, 逐日捕鼠, 妊娠率, 灭鼠

Abstract:

  【Abstract】 Objective To understand the population composition of rat?shape rodents in Guangdong province and its breeding in different seasons, and to provide the theoretical basis for the control of rodents. Methods Rodents were caught daily by snap trap method in township sampled randomly monthly. The rodents captured were identified and dissected, recording the pregnancy situation. Results The trapping rate of rat?shape rodents was 9.98% in the residential areas, including 4.98% of rats. It included 48.73% Rattus norvegicus, 15.50% R.tanezumi mice, 35.17%Suncus murinus and 0.59% Mus musculus. The average pregnancy rate of R.norvegicus was 4.06% and the average litter size was 5.35. The average pregnancy rate of R.tanezumi was 5.63%  and  the  average  litter  size  was  2.76.  That  of  Suncus  murinus  was  15.00%  and  its  litter size was 3.32. Conclusion R.norvegicus and Suncus murinus are the dominant species in the residential areas in township. M.musculus is the rare specie. The breeding seasons of R.norvegicus and R.tanezumi are in spring and autumn, and the breeding peak in spring is higher than that in the autumn. It has also a small reproduction peak in August. However, Suncus murinus can breed all year round, and there are also two peaks. One peak is in March?June, the other is in October?November. It should strengthen the killing of rodents in spring and autumn.

Key words: Rat-shaped animal, Snap trap daily, Pregnancy rate, The killing of rodent

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