浙江省舟山市定海区白泉镇钩端螺旋体主要宿主动物监测与人群抗体监测

doi:10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2024.06.020

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 目的了解浙江省舟山市定海区白泉镇主要宿主动物与当地居民钩端螺旋体（钩体）的感染情况,评估钩端螺旋体病（钩体病）的潜在流行风险,为舟山海岛地区钩体病的防控提供依据。方法用夹夜法和笼诱法进行宿主动物的生态学监测,并采集肾脏标本,对宿主动物进行种属鉴定,分析宿主动物密度和种群构成；用反转录实时荧光定量PCR（RT-qPCR）法检测宿主动物肾脏标本及人群血清钩体核酸,对核酸阳性样本的23S rRNA基因进行,χ²检验或Fisher确切概率法用于比较组间差异反转录PCR（RT-PCR）扩增、测序,用于基因分型和同源性分析；用酶联免疫吸附法检测人群血清钩体抗体IgM、IgG。结果 2023年共捕获主要宿主动物（小兽）234只,密度为7.50%,优势种群为褐家鼠（74.07%）；59只小兽肾脏组织钩体核酸检测阳性,阳性检出率为25.21%；19份肾组织样本23S rRNA基因测序成功,博氏基因种13份,问号基因种6份；516份常住居民血清钩体核酸阴性,IgG抗体阳性33份,阳性率6.40%,IgM阳性12份,阳性率2.33%。结论浙江省舟山市白泉镇具有主要宿主动物密度高且钩体带菌率高、人群免疫率低的特点,该地属亚热带季风气候,8月降雨量大,钩体病潜在流行风险较高。

关键词: 钩端螺旋体, 主要宿主, 人群抗体, 监测

Abstract: Objective To investigate the infection of Leptospira in the main host animals and local residents in Baiquan Town, Dinghai District, Zhoushan, Zhejiang Province, China, and assess the potential epidemic risk of leptospirosis, so as to provide a basis for the prevention and control of leptospirosis in Zhoushan islands. Methods Ecological surveillance of host animals was conducted using night clamping and cage trapping methods and kidney samples were collected. The host animals were identified and analyzed for population density and species composition. Quantitative reverse transcription PCR was used to detect the nucleic acids of Leptospira in host kidney and human serum samples. Positive samples were subjected to reverse transcription PCR targeting the 23S rRNA gene for amplification and sequencing to conduct genotyping and homology analysis. ELISA was used to detect IgM and IgG antibodies of Leptospira in human serum. Chi-square test or Fisher's exact test was used to analyze differences between groups. Results In 2023, a total of 234 main hosts (small mammals) were captured in Baiquan Town, with a density of 7.50% capture rate and a dominant species of Rattus norvegicus (74.07%). The kidney tissues of 59 small mammals were positive for Leptospira nucleic acids, with a positive rate of 25.21%. The kidney tissues of 19 samples were successfully sequenced for 23S rRNA gene, with 13 L.borgpetersenii and 6 L.interrogans. None of the 516 human serum samples were positive for Leptospira nucleic acids, 33 (6.40%) samples were positive for IgG, and 12 samples (2.33%) were positive for IgM. Conclusions Baiquan Town is characterized by high density of main host animals, high Leptospira infection rate, and low population immunity rate. In addition, Baiquan Town has a subtropical monsoon climate with heavy rainfall in August, and the potential risk of leptospirosis epidemics is high.

Key words: Leptospira, Main host, Population antibody, Surveillance

中图分类号:

张森, 呼明星, 谭启龙, 王忠发, 翁永夫. 浙江省舟山市定海区白泉镇钩端螺旋体主要宿主动物监测与人群抗体监测[J]. 中国媒介生物学及控制杂志, 2024, 35(6): 734-739.

ZHANG Sen, HU Ming-xing, TAN Qi-long, WANG Zhong-fa, WENG Yong-fu. Surveillance of main host animals of Leptospira and its antibodies in human population in Baiquan Town, Dinghai District, Zhoushan, Zhejiang Province, China[J]. Chinese Journal of Vector Biology and Control, 2024, 35(6): 734-739.

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