杭州市2014—2023年发热伴血小板减少综合征流行特征及感染来源分析

doi:10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2024.06.008

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 目的对杭州市2014－2023年发热伴血小板减少综合征（SFTS）的人群、地区和时间分布特征及感染来源进行分析,为SFTS的防控工作提供依据。方法从“中国疾病预防控制信息系统”中获取2014－2023年杭州市SFTS病例资料,采用描述流行病学方法分析SFTS病例的分布特征及感染来源。使用ArcGIS 10.2软件进行空间地图绘制；利用R 4.3.0软件进行Mann-Kendall Z趋势检验。结果 2014－2023年杭州市累计报告SFTS病例90例,年均报告发病率为0.08/10万；死亡14例,平均病死率为15.56%（14/90）；杭州市SFTS历年发病率整体呈整体上升趋势（Z=1.789,P=0.037）,2023年SFTS发病率快速升高；男性46例,女性44例,男女性别比为1∶0.96；高发人群为≥45岁中老年人,占92.45%（86/90）；职业以农民为主,占81.11%（73/90）。病例发病季节从早期多在夏季发病,逐年扩增到全年均有发病,以春、夏、秋3季居多。2014－2023年杭州市报告SFTS病例的地区从1个（淳安县）逐年扩增至8个县（市、区）,发病数最多的为淳安县（50例）,其次为临安区（26例）,其余县（市、区）发病数均<5例。感染来源分析显示,5例为接触SFTS死亡病例而感染；其余病例中发病前2周有明确蜱虫叮咬史者18例,占21.18%（18/85）；否认有蜱虫叮咬史者37例,占43.53%（37/85）；不详者30例,占35.29%（30/85）。结论 SFTS在杭州市的发病呈上升趋势,发病区域明显扩大,感染来源包括蜱虫叮咬与接触感染病例,防控工作应做好病例监测、疫情处置及蜱虫综合防治等。

关键词: 发热伴血小板减少综合征, 流行特征, 感染来源

Abstract: Objective To analyze the population, regional, and time distribution characteristics and infection sources of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) in Hangzhou, China from 2014 to 2023, so as to provide evidence for the prevention and control of SFTS. Methods The cases data of SFTS in Hangzhou from 2014 to 2023 were collected from the China Information System for Disease Control and Prevention. Descriptive epidemiological methods were used to analyze the distribution characteristics and infection sources of SFTS cases. The spatial map was plotted with ArcGlS 10.2 software, and the Mann-Kendall Z trend test was carried out with R 4.3.0. Results A total of 90 SFTS cases were reported in Hangzhou from 2014 to 2023, with an average annual reported incidence of 0.08/100 000 and an average fatality rate of 15.56% (14/90). The overall incidence rate of SFTS in Hangzhou City has shown an overall upward trend (Z=1.789, P=0.037), and the incidence rate of SFTS rose rapidly in 2023. There were 46 males and 44 females with a sex ratio of 1: 0.96. The high incidence was observed in the middle-aged and elderly population (≥45 years old), accounting for 92.45% (86/90). Farmers were the main occupation, accounting for 81.11% (73/90). The onset was mainly in summer in the early stage and increased to the whole year over years, with the majority in spring, summer, and autumn. From 2014 to 2023, the number of SFTS cases reported in Hangzhou increased from 1 (Chun'an County) to 8 counties (cities or districts) year by year. with the largest number of cases in Chun'an County (50 cases), followed by Lin'an District (26 cases) and other counties (cities or districts,<5 cases). The analysis of sources of infection showed that 5 cases were infected from contact with SFTS deaths. Among the other infected cases (n=85), 18 (21.18%) had a definite history of tick bites 2 weeks before the onset, 37 (43.53%) denied the history of tick bites, and 30 (35.29%) had unknown sources of infection. Conclusions The incidence of SFTS in Hangzhou gradually expanded, and the incidence trend of reported cases also increased significantly. The sources of infection include tick bites and contact infection. The prevention and control of SFTS should be strengthened on case surveillance, epidemic response, and integrated control of ticks.

Key words: Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome, Epidemic characteristic, Sources of infection

中图分类号:

R183.5

朱雷, 陶明勇, 王哲, 黄仁杰, 宋凯, 任晓宾, 孙昼. 杭州市2014—2023年发热伴血小板减少综合征流行特征及感染来源分析[J]. 中国媒介生物学及控制杂志, 2024, 35(6): 671-675.

ZHU Lei, TAO Ming-yong, WANG Zhe, HUANG Ren-jie, SONG Kai, REN Xiao-bin, SUN Zhou. Epidemic characteristics and infection sources of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome in Hangzhou, China from 2014 to 2023[J]. Chinese Journal of Vector Biology and Control, 2024, 35(6): 671-675.

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