宁夏回族自治区固原市原州区2020－2023年肾综合征出血热宿主动物监测分析

doi:10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2024.06.007

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 目的分析宁夏回族自治区（宁夏）固原市原州区肾综合征出血热（HFRS）宿主动物监测资料,了解HFRS宿主动物分布与带病毒情况,为该地区HFRS疫情防控和预测预警提供依据。方法 2020－2023年间,固原市原州区按照《全国肾综合征出血热监测方案》开展春、秋两季野外和居民区捕获小兽工作,采用夹夜法捕获小兽,进行分类鉴定并计算小兽密度、描述其分布特征,并采集小兽肺、血标本进行汉坦病毒抗原（直接免疫荧光法）和抗体检测（酶联免疫吸附试验）。SPSS 26.0软件用于统计分析,率的比较采用χ²检验。结果 2020－2023年共捕获小兽795只,每年小兽密度均<2.00%,小兽密度秋季高于春季（χ²=22.326, P<0.001）,居民区高于野外（χ²=278.319, P<0.001）。各监测乡镇野外小兽密度均≤1.00%,捕获小兽以黑线姬鼠（38.14%）、长尾仓鼠（29.38%）、大林姬鼠（18.56%）为主；居民区小兽密度均>1.00%,捕获小兽为褐家鼠（62.06%）和小家鼠（37.94%）。秋季野外黑线姬鼠和居民区褐家鼠构成比均高于春季（χ²=6.269,P=0.012；χ²=52.511,P<0.001）。捕获小兽中鼠血抗体阳性率高于肺抗原阳性率（χ²=187.756,P<0.001）,野外仅发现黑线姬鼠和大林姬鼠携带汉坦病毒,居民区小家鼠感染率高于褐家鼠（χ²=22.340,P<0.001）。结论当前固原市原州区小兽密度总体较低,居民区高于野外,秋季高于春季,建议强化开展监测、防鼠灭鼠和疫苗接种等防控工作,同时提升医务人员HFRS的早期识别和诊疗能力。

关键词: 肾综合征出血热, 鼠类, 宿主动物, 监测分析

Abstract: Objective To analyze the surveillance data on host animals of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) in Yuanzhou District, Guyuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China, to determine the distribution and infection status of host animals of HFRS, so as to provide a basis for the prevention, control, early warning, and prediction of HFRS in the area. Methods From 2020 to 2023, small mammals were captured by the night-snap trapping method in both the wild area and residential area in Yuanzhou District, Guyuan in the spring and autumn in accordance with the National Surveillance Program for Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome. Taxonomic identification was conducted, and the density and distribution characteristics of small mammals were analyzed. Lung and blood samples were collected from the trapped small mammals for detection of Hantavirus antigens using direct immunofluorescence method and antibodies with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). SPSS 26.0 software was used for statistical analysis. The rates were compared using the Chi-square test. Results A total of 795 small mammals were captured from 2020 to 2023. The annual density of small mammals was less than 2.00% capture rate. The small mammal density was higher in autumn than in spring (χ²=22.326, P<0.001), and higher in the residential area than in the wild area (χ²=278.319, P<0.001). The density of small mammals in the wild area of each surveillance town was less than 1.00%, where the small mammals captured were mainly Apodemus agrarius (38.14%), Cricetulus longicaudatus (29.38%), and A. peninsulae (18.56%). The density of small mammals in the residential area was greater than 1.00%, where the small mammals captured were Rattus norvegicus (62.06%) and Mus musculus (37.94%). The proportion of A. agrarius in the wild area and R. norvegicus in the residential area in autumn was higher than that in spring (χ²=6.269, P=0.012; χ²=52.511, P<0.001). The antibody positive rate in blood samples of the captured small mammals was higher than the antigen positive rate in lung samples (χ²=187.756, P<0.001). Hantavirus was only detected in A. agrarius and A. peninsulae in the wild area. The infection rate of M. musculus in the residential area was higher than that of R. norvegicus (χ²=22.340, P<0.001). Conclusions The current overall density of small mammals in Yuanzhou District, Guyuan is relatively low, with residential areas having higher densities than wild areas and autumn being higher than spring. It is recommended to strengthen surveillance, deratization, vaccination work, while improving the early identification, diagnosis and treatment capacity of medical personnel for HFRS.

Key words: Hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome, Rodent, Host animal, Surveillance analysis

中图分类号:

R373.3⁺2

李涛, 侯海龙, 李明珠, 詹军, 龚瑞, 杨东智. 宁夏回族自治区固原市原州区2020－2023年肾综合征出血热宿主动物监测分析[J]. 中国媒介生物学及控制杂志, 2024, 35(6): 664-670.

LI Tao, HOU Hai-long, LI Ming-zhu, ZHAN Jun, GONG Rui, YANG Dong-zhi. Surveillance analysis of host animals of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome in Yuanzhou District, Guyuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China, 2020-2023[J]. Chinese Journal of Vector Biology and Control, 2024, 35(6): 664-670.

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