南京市2012-2022年德国小蠊密度和侵害率与抗药性变化分析

doi:10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2024.03.009

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 目的分析南京市德国小蠊密度和侵害率与抗药性变化,为科学合理使用杀虫剂提供理论依据。方法 2012-2022年对南京市12个区德国小蠊密度和侵害率进行监测；收集试虫,采用药膜法对残杀威、高效氯氰菊酯、溴氰菊酯、乙酰甲胺磷和毒死蜱抗药性进行测定。采用SPSS 22.0软件中的Probit模块进行数据处理,Spearman等级相关对年份与密度、侵害率和抗性倍数分别做相关性分析。结果 2012-2022年蜚蠊密度分别为1.01、1.62、2.17、1.36、1.21、0.77、0.58、0.39、0.39、0.29和0.24只/张；侵害率分别为20.79%、28.80%、32.45%、28.89%、17.31%、10.92%、6.73%、5.64%、4.67%、5.00%和3.36%。2014年密度和侵害率均达到最高峰,2015年开始呈下降趋势,年份与密度和侵害率均呈显著负相关（ρ=-0.897,P<0.001；ρ=-0.909,P<0.001）。对残杀威抗性级别2015年上升为低度抗性,2020年抗性倍数最高,为4.73,年份与抗性倍数呈显著的正相关（ρ=0.929,P=0.003）。对高效氯氰菊酯抗性级别2015年起上升为中、高度抗性,抗性倍数2020年最高,为40.53,年份与抗性倍数呈显著正相关（ρ=0.821,P=0.023）。对溴氰菊酯抗性级别2015年起上升为中、高抗性,甚至极高度抗性,年份与抗性倍数相关性不明显（ρ=0.714,P=0.111）。毒死蜱和乙酰甲胺磷总体上呈现低度抗性,年份与抗性倍数相关性均不明显（ρ=-0.003,P=0.624；ρ=-0.771,P=0.072）。结论 2012-2022年,随着年份增加南京市德国小蠊密度和侵害率降低,对残杀威和高效氯氰菊酯的抗药性水平升高。随着德国小蠊抗药性逐渐增高,其密度和侵害率可能出现反弹,应给予高度重视。

关键词: 德国小蠊, 抗药性, 杀虫剂, 南京市

Abstract: Objective To investigate changes in the density, infestation rate, and insecticide resistance of Blattella germanica in Nanjing, China, so as to provide a theoretical basis for scientific and rational use of insecticides.Methods From 2012 to 2022, the density and infestation rate of B. germanica were monitored in the 12 districts of Nanjing, and the resistance of the samples to propoxur, beta-cypermethrin, deltamethrin, acephate, and chlorpyrifos was tested by using the residual film method. The data were processed using the Probit module of SPSS 22.0 software. Spearman’s rank correlation analysis was conducted to correlate year with density, infestation rate, and resistance ratio.Results From 2012 to 2022, the densities of cockroaches were 1.01, 1.62, 2.17, 1.36, 1.21, 0.77, 0.58, 0.39, 0.39, 0.29, and 0.24 individuals/trap, respectively; and the infestation rates were 20.79%, 28.80%, 32.45%, 28.89%, 17.31%, 10.92%, 6.73%, 5.64%, 4.67%, 5.00%, and 3.36%, respectively. The density and infestation rate reached their peaks both in 2014, and decline since 2015, showing significant negative correlations between the year of investigation and the density and infestation rate (ρ=-0.897, P<0.001; ρ=-0.909, P<0.001). Propoxur resistance commenced at a low level in 2015, and the resistance ratio peaked at 4.73 in 2020, showing a significant positive correlation between the year and the resistance ratio (ρ=0.929, P=0.003). Beta-cypermethrin resistance increased to a medium to high level since 2015, and the resistance ratio reached the peak of 40.53 in 2020, showing a significant positive correlation between the year and the resistance ratio (ρ=0.821, P=0.023). Deltamethrin resistance increased to medium to high or even to extremely high levels since 2015, with no significant correlation between the year and the resistance ratio (ρ=0.714, P=0.111). The levels of resistance to chlorpyrifos and acephate were low in general, with no significant correlation between the year and the resistance ratio (ρ=-0.003, P=0.624; ρ=-0.771, P=0.072).Conclusions From 2012 to 2022, the density and infestation rate of B. germanica in Nanjing showed a downward trend, while the resistance to propoxur and beta-cypermethrin increased. The increasing resistance of B. germanica may lead to a rebound in its density and infestation rate, which should be paid more attention to.

Key words: Blattella germanica, Insecticide resistance, Insecticide, Nanjing

中图分类号:

张艳, 宋丙栋, 孙燕群, 闵玥, 陈学敏, 李碧涵, 孙楠, 孙璐瑶, 张守刚. 南京市2012-2022年德国小蠊密度和侵害率与抗药性变化分析[J]. 中国媒介生物学及控制杂志, 2024, 35(3): 308-311.

ZHANG Yan, SONG Bing-dong, SUN Yan-qun, MIN Yue, CHEN Xue-min, LI Bi-han, SUN Nan, SUN Lu-yao, ZHANG Shou-gang. Changes in the population density, infestation rate, and insecticide resistance of Blattella germanica in Nanjing, China, 2012-2022[J]. Chinese Journal of Vector Biology and Control, 2024, 35(3): 308-311.

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