河北省井陉县人群犬源型黑热病再发流行病学特征分析

doi:10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2024.02.013

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 目的分析河北省井陉县犬源型黑热病的三间分布特征及宿主和媒介的病原感染状况,并提出针对性的防治措施。方法收集中国疾病预防控制信息系统"传染病报告信息管理系统"中2019-2023年河北省报告的黑热病病例资料,采用Excel 2017软件对数据进行整理,用描述流行病学的方法对井陉县人群黑热病的三间分布进行回顾性分析。于2022年2-9月采集黑热病报告病例所在乡镇的全部犬只血样,用rk39 免疫层析试纸检测血清抗利什曼原虫抗体,并计算抗体阳性率,采用SPSS 25软件对不同乡镇的抗体阳性率进行χ²检验。于2022年5-9月使用灯诱法在报告病例所在庭院的禽舍畜圈或养殖场开展白蛉监测,并进行分类鉴定。结果井陉县共确诊32例黑热病病例,其中男性23例,女性8例,男女性别比为2.9:1。病例均在农村地区生活,以>40岁中老年人(81.25 %)为主,大部分是农民(84.38 %)。井陉县6个乡镇共采集犬血683份,血清抗利什曼原虫抗体阳性219份,阳性率为32.01 %,不同乡镇的犬只利什曼原虫抗体阳性率差异有统计学意义(χ²=15.609,P=0.008)。共捕捉到中华白蛉852只,其中雌性白蛉665只,雄蛉187只,平均密度为15.07只/(灯·夜)。结论井陉县黑热病疫情处于发展初期,应针对该地区黑热病的流行因素,采取个人防护、病媒控制和保虫宿主控制等多方面的防治措施。

关键词: 黑热病, 犬源型, 流行特征, 媒介白蛉, 防治措施

Abstract: Objective To investigate the disease distribution characteristics and Leishmania infection status of its hosts and vectors of canine-type zoonotic visceral leishmaniasis in Jingxing County, Hebei Province, China, and to propose targeted control measures to effectively eliminate the epidemic.Methods The data of human kala-azar cases reported in Hebei Province during 2019 to 2023 were collected from the Infectious Disease Reporting Information Management System of China Information System for Disease Control and Prevention. Descriptive epidemiological methods were used to retrospectively analyze the temporal, spatial, and population distributions of human kala-azar with Excel 2017. From February to September 2022, blood samples of all dogs in townships where kala-azar cases were reported were collected, and serum antibodies to Leishmania were examined using rk39 immunochromatographic strips; the antibody-positive rate was calculated and compared between different townships using the Chi-square test with the use of SPSS 25 software. From May to September 2022, sandflies were monitored using the lamp trap method in the poultry sheds or livestock farms of the reported patients, and pathogen classification and identification were performed.Results A total of 32 confirmed cases of kala-azar were reported in Jingxing County, including 23 males and 8 females (sex ratio:2.9:1). All the cases lived in rural areas, 84.38 % of them were farmers, and 81.25 % of them were middle-aged and elderly people over 40 years old. A total of 683 canine blood samples were collected from six townships of Jingxing County, 219 of which were positive for anti-Leishmania antibodies, with a positive rate of 32.01 %. The positive rate of anti-Leishmania antibodies in dogs was significantly different in different townships (χ²=15.609, P=0.008). A total of 852 Phlebotomus chinensis sandflies were captured in Jingxing County, including 665 females and 187 males, with a mean density of 15.07 individuals/lamp·night.Conclusions The epidemic situation of kala-azar in Jingxing county is in the early stage of development. According to the epidemic factors of kala-azar in this area, comprehensive control measures such as personal protection, vector control and pest host control should be taken.

Key words: Kala-azar, Canine-type zoonotic, Epidemiological characteristic, Vector sandfly, Control measure

中图分类号:

牛晓威, 赵新宇, 周吉坤. 河北省井陉县人群犬源型黑热病再发流行病学特征分析[J]. 中国媒介生物学及控制杂志, 2024, 35(2): 200-204.

NIU Xiao-wei, ZHAO Xin-yu, ZHOU Ji-kun. Epidemiological characteristics of re-emergence of human canine-type zoonotic visceral leishmaniasis in Jingxing County, Hebei Province, China[J]. Chinese Journal of Vector Biology and Control, 2024, 35(2): 200-204.

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