中国媒介生物学及控制杂志 ›› 2024, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (1): 95-99.DOI: 10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2024.01.017

• 调查研究 • 上一篇    下一篇

2017-2022年中山口岸输入性病媒生物截获情况分析

赖梅凤1,2, 陈健2,3, 李婷婷2,3, 刘德星2,3, 魏晓雅2,3, 聂维忠4, 岳巧云5, 石筱毓1,2, 邱德义2, 毕水莲1,6   

  1. 1. 广东药科大学公共卫生学院, 广东 广州 510006;
    2. 中山海关技术中心国家医学媒介生物监测重点实验室, 广东 中山 528403;
    3. 珠海国际旅行卫生保健中心(拱北海关口岸门诊部), 广东 珠海 519020;
    4. 秦皇岛海关, 河北 秦皇岛 066002;
    5. 中山火炬职业技术学院, 广东 中山 528436;
    6. 广东药科大学食品科学学院食品科学系, 广东 中山 528458
  • 收稿日期:2023-08-14 出版日期:2024-02-20 发布日期:2024-03-05
  • 通讯作者: 邱德义,E-mail:1610097453@qq.com;毕水莲,E-mail:shuilianbi@foxmail.com
  • 作者简介:赖梅凤,女,在读硕士,从事公共卫生研究,E-mail:1751543772@qq.com
  • 基金资助:
    海关总署项目(2020HK121,2021HK144);中山市社会公益与基础研究项目(2021B2009,2023B2021);拱北海关科研项目(2021GK009,2023GK002,2023GK004);河北省重点研发计划(213777109D)

An analysis of intercepted vectors at Zhongshan Port, China, 2017-2022

LAI Mei-feng1,2, CHEN Jian2,3, LI Ting-ting2,3, LIU De-xing2,3, WEI Xiao-ya2,3, NIE Wei-zhong4, YUE Qiao-yun5, SHI Xiao-yu1,2, QIU De-yi2, BI Shui-lian1,6   

  1. 1. School of Public Health, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China;
    2. State Key Laboratory of Medical Vector Surveillance, Zhongshan Customs Technology Center, Zhongshan, Guangdong 528403, China;
    3. Zhuhai International Travel Healthcare Center(Gongbei Customs Port Out-patient Department), Zhuhai, Guangdong 519020, China;
    4. Qinhuangdao Customs, Qinhuangdao, Hebei 066002, China;
    5. Zhongshan Torch Polytechnic, Zhongshan, Guangdong 528436, China;
    6. Department of Food Science, School of Food Science, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Zhongshan, Guangdong 528458, China
  • Received:2023-08-14 Online:2024-02-20 Published:2024-03-05
  • Supported by:
    General Administraion of Customs Research Projects (No. 2020HK121, 2021HK144); Zhongshan City Major Public Welfare Projects (No. 2021B2009, 2023B2021); Gongbei Customs Research Projects (No. 2021GK009, 2023GK002, 2023GK004); Key R&D Program in Hebei Province (No. 213777109D)

摘要: 目的 分析中山口岸2017-2022年输入性病媒生物监测数据,总结中山口岸病媒生物输入规律,为口岸制定病媒生物监测策略、预防传染性疾病的传播提供参考依据。方法 根据2017-2022年中山口岸入境货物截获病媒生物情况,采用描述性统计方法对病媒生物的种属构成比、数量变化、来源地及与携带途径的关联性进行分析。结果 2017-2022年中山口岸截获的病媒生物有蜚蠊、蝇、蚊、鼠形动物及蠓共5大类51种。其中,截获的蜚蠊类中,美洲大蠊、澳洲大蠊、古巴绿蠊和德国小蠊分别占蜚蠊总数的36.48%、28.36%、17.64%和13.37%;蛆症异蚤蝇、家蝇、市蝇和红头丽蝇分别占蝇类总数的26.14%、25.00%、12.50%和11.36%;致倦库蚊、东乡伊蚊和白纹伊蚊分别占蚊类总数的85.11%、7.98%和3.72%;主要的鼠形动物是黄胸鼠;主要蠓类为异域库蠓。蜚蠊的主要来源地是圭亚那,蝇类和蚊类主要来源于中国香港。口岸病媒生物主要通过木材原料、集装箱和入境维修船舶等途径入境;木材中携带的病媒生物种类较多,最多的是蜚蠊,占48.41%。结论 中山口岸截获病媒生物种类繁多,来源广泛,其中有6种为全国口岸首次截获的国内未见分布种,外来病媒生物入侵风险和由此带来的公共卫生潜在风险较高,进一步加强口岸病媒生物检疫鉴定、监测和防控意义重大。

关键词: 中山口岸, 病媒生物, 截获

Abstract: Objective To analyze the surveillance data of intercepted medical vectors at Zhongshan Port from 2017 to 2022, and to summarize the law of intercepted medical vectors at Zhongshan Port, so as to provide the reference for the formulation of vector surveillance strategies at the port and prevention of the infectious diseases transmission. Methods Descriptive statistical method was used to analyze the species composition, number, origin, and transportation route of vectors intercepted from inbound cargoes at Zhongshan Port from 2017 to 2022. Results From 2017 to 2022, the vectors intercepted at Zhongshan Port involved 51 species of 5 categories: cockroaches, flies, mosquitoes, rodents, and midges. Among the intercepted cockroaches, Periplaneta americana, P. australasiae, Panchlora nivea, and Blattella germanica accounted for 36.48%, 28.36%, 17.64%, and 13.37% of the total number, respectively. Megaselia scalaris, Musca domestica, Mu. sorbens, and Calliphora vicina accounted for 26.14%, 25.00%, 12.50%, and 11.36% of the total number of intercepted flies, respectively. Culex pipiens quinquefasciatus, Aedes togoi, and Ae. albopictus accounted for 85.11%, 7.98%, and 3.72% of the total number of mosquitoes, respectively. Rattus tanezumi was the main rodent species. Culicoides peregrinus was the predominant midge species. The cockroaches were mainly from Guyana, and the flies and mosquitoes were mainly from Hong Kong, China. The vectors were mainly carried into China through raw wood logs, containers, and inbound ships for maintenance. Wood logs carried various organisms, among which cockroaches were most common, with a percentage of 48.41%. Conclusions The intercepted vectors were diverse in species and in the source of origin, and six species were intercepted for the first time across domestic ports, with no domestic distribution, indicating high risks of vector invasion and associated potential public health problem. It is of great significance to further strengthen the detection, identification, surveillance, and control of vectors at ports.

Key words: Zhongshan Port, Vector, Interception

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