关键词: 湖北省, 斑疹伤寒, 流行特征, 分析

Abstract: Objective To investigate the epidemiological characteristics of typhus fever in Hubei Province, China, in 2008 to 2021, so as to provide a scientific basis for formulating prevention and control strategies for typhus fever.Methods Excel 2013, SPSS 20.0, and Joinpoint 4.9.0 were used to analyze the incidence rate, population distribution, temporal and regional distribution, onset and presentation, and type of typhus fever cases reported directly via the network in Hubei Province in 2008-2021. The Chi-squared test was used to compare the differences of incidence rates.Results A total of 623 cases of typhus fever were reported in Hubei Province in 2008-2021, among which there were 438 clinically diagnosed cases with percentage of 70.30%, 13 confirmed cases, and 172 suspected cases, and no cases of death were reported. The mean annual incidence rate of typhus fever in Hubei Province was 0.005/100 000 in 2008-2015, and it continued to increase in 2016 and reached 0.388/100 000 in 2021, which was 215.56 times that in 2008. The onset of the disease showed a sporadic trend. In the past 14 years, a total of 12 cities (prefectures) and 28 counties (districts) in Hubei Province reported the cases of typhus fever, with the feature of a certain degree of geographical concentration, and the top 3 counties (districts) in terms of incidence rate were Yingshan County (93.038/100 000), Xuan’en County (19.765/100 000), and Jianshi County (12.054/100 000). The onset time was mainly from April to November, showing a pattern of bimodal distribution. The patients aged 40-<70 years accounted for the highest proportion of 76.73%, and the male/female ratio was 1:2.2. Most patients were farmers in terms of occupation (87.16%). The median time from onset to diagnosis was 4 days, and the cases mainly came from county-level general hospitals.Conclusions The prevalence of typhus fever in Hubei Province is increasing year by year, with obvious regional and seasonal characteristics, and farmers are the population with a relatively high incidence rate of typhus fever. It is recommended to strengthen health education for key populations in high-incidence regions in summer and autumn to reduce the chance of infection and control the onset and prevalence of typhus fever.

Key words: Hubei province, Typhus fever, Epidemiological characteristics, Analysis