浙江省台州市2017－2022年媒介蚊虫生态学监测及病毒携带状况调查

doi:10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2023.05.007

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 目的了解浙江省台州市2017－2022年实施新版病媒生物监测方案以来蚊虫种类、密度、季节消长及病毒携带状况,为媒介蚊虫防制及蚊媒传染病的预测预警提供科学依据。方法在台州市9个县（市、区）设置监测点,每年4－11月分别采用诱蚊灯法和布雷图指数（BI）法开展成蚊和幼蚊生态学监测,2022年6－8月在路桥区采集成蚊并应用荧光定量PCR法检测登革病毒、流行性乙型脑炎病毒、西尼罗病毒、基孔肯亚病毒、黄热病毒和辛德毕斯病毒6种病毒。数据采用SPSS 20.0软件进行统计分析。结果2017－2022年,台州市共布放诱蚊灯4 800台夜,捕获雌蚊109 160只,平均蚊密度为22.74只/（灯·夜）,其中三带喙库蚊76 799只,占70.35%,其次为淡色/致倦库蚊20 724只（18.98%）。6－9月为成蚊活动高峰期。不同生境平均蚊密度以牲畜棚（养殖场）最高,为92.91只/（灯·夜）。牲畜棚（养殖场）以三带喙库蚊为优势种,占83.08%,居民区等其他生境均以淡色/致倦库蚊为优势种（构成比均>60%）,不同生境蚊种构成比差异有统计学意义（χ²=60 286.496,P<0.001）。幼蚊监测共调查居民户94 523户,平均BI值为16.94,4－11月平均BI值均>5。阳性积水以闲置容器（碗、瓶、缸、罐）为主,占54.88%,轮胎/废旧轮胎伊蚊孳生率最高为37.37%。共检测淡色/致倦库蚊雌蚊1 050只,白纹伊蚊雌蚊1 140只,病毒检测结果均为阴性。结论台州市居民区优势蚊种为淡色/致倦库蚊,牲畜棚（养殖场）蚊密度较高、优势蚊种为三带喙库蚊,4－11月均有登革热传播风险,需加强环境治理为主的综合性蚊虫防制措施,防止输入性或本地蚊媒传染病传播流行。

关键词: 蚊密度, 种群构成, 病毒携带, 监测

Abstract: Objective To investigate the species composition, density, seasonal variation, and virus-carrying status of mosquitoes in Taizhou, Zhejiang Province, China, since the implementation of the new vector surveillance program in 2017-2022, so as to provide a scientific basis for the control of mosquito vectors and the early warning of mosquito-borne diseases.Methods Surveillance sites were set up in 9 counties (cities and districts) of Taizhou, and the light trapping method and Breteau index (BI) method were used to perform ecological surveillance of adult and larval mosquitoes from April to November every year. From June to August in 2022, adult mosquitoes were collected in Luqiao District, and quantitative real-time PCR was used to detect six viruses including Dengue virus, Japanese encephalitis virus, West Nile virus, Chikungunya virus, Yellow fever virus, and Sindbisvirus. SPSS 20.0 software was used to perform a statistical analysis of surveillance data.Results In 2017-2022, a total of 4 800 mosquito trap lamp·nights were deployed in Taizhou, and 109 160 female mosquitoes were captured in total, with a mean mosquito density of 22.74 mosquitoes/lamp·night, among which there were 76 799 Culex tritaeniorhynchus mosquitoes, accounting for 70.35%, followed by 20 724 Cx. pipiens pallens/quinquefasciatus mosquitoes, accounting for 18.98%. June to September was the peak period of mosquito activity. In different habitats, livestock shed (livestock farm) had the highest mosquito density of 92.91 mosquitoes/lamp·night. Cx. tritaeniorhynchus was the dominant species in livestock shed (livestock farm), accounting for 83.08%, and Cx. pipiens pallens/quinquefasciatus was the dominant species in residential area and other habitats, with a composition ratio of >60%. There was a significant difference in the composition ratio of mosquito species between different habitats (χ²=60 286.496, P<0.001). A total of 94 523 households were surveyed for mosquito larvae surveillance, with a mean BI of 16.94. All the monthly average BI from April to November were greater than 5. Positive stagnant water was mainly observed in idle containers (bowls, bottles, jars, and tanks), accounting for 54.88%, and the highest breeding rate of Aedes (37.37%) was observed in tires/waste tires. A total of 1 050 female Cx. pipiens pallens/quinquefasciatus mosquitoes and 1 140 female Ae. albopictus mosquitoes were detected for above 6 viruses, and all mosquitoes were negative for the six viruses.Conclusions Cx. pipiens pallens/quinquefasciatus is the dominant mosquito species in the residential area in Taizhou, and there is a relatively high density of mosquitoes in livestock shed (livestock farm) where the dominant mosquito species is Cx. tritaeniorhynchus. There is a risk of dengue fever transmission from April to November. It is necessary to strengthen comprehensive mosquito control measures focusing on environmental management, so as to prevent the transmission and epidemic of imported or indigenous mosquito-borne diseases..

Key words: Mosquito density, Species composition, Virus carrying, Surveillance

中图分类号:

赵怡双, 菅越, 尤晓杰, 王敏雅, 陈财荣. 浙江省台州市2017－2022年媒介蚊虫生态学监测及病毒携带状况调查[J]. 中国媒介生物学及控制杂志, 2023, 34(5): 622-627.

ZHAO Yi-shuang, JIAN Yue, YOU Xiao-jie, WANG Min-ya, CHEN Cai-rong. Ecological monitoring and virus carrying status of mosquitoes in Taizhou, Zhejiang Province, China, 2017-2022[J]. Chinese Journal of Vector Biology and Control, 2023, 34(5): 622-627.

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