关键词: 蚊虫, 生态学监测, 密度, 季节消长

Abstract:

Objective: To analyze adult mosquito ecological surveillance data for an understanding of the species composition, distribution, density, and seasonal fluctuation of mosquitoes in Hebei Province, China, so as to provide a basis for the prevention and control of mosquitoes and mosquito-borne infectious diseases. Methods: Mosquitoes were monitored using the lamp trap method from 2011 to 2022. The surveillance data of 17 surveillance sites at city and county levels were collected in Hebei, and analyzed using the Chi-square test, Kruskal-Wallis H test and Friedman test with R 4.2.2 software. Results: From 2011 to 2022, the average mosquito density was 1.24 mosquitoes/lamp·h. Culex pipiens pallens, Cx. tritaeniorhynchus, Aedes albopictus, Anopheles sinensis, and other mosquito species accounted for 96.62%, 1.72%, 1.27%, 0.31%, and 0.08%, respectively. The annual average mosquito density decreased slowly in a fluctuating way, with a statistical difference in mosquito density between different years (H=36.155, P < 0.001). The density of Ae. albopictus kept increasing from 2020 to 2022. The highest average density was 1.55 mosquitoes/lamp·h in livestock sheds, followed by 1.39 mosquitoes/lamp·h in rural houses, with a statistical difference in the average mosquito density between different habitats (Q=23.529, P < 0.001). The dominant species was Cx. pipiens pallens in all habitats. The densities of Cx. tritaeniorhynchus and An. sinensis were much higher in livestock sheds than in other habitats. Ae. albopictus showed close densities in five habitats. The seasonal fluctuation of mosquitoes showed a single-peak curve, with high densities occurring from June to September, peaking in August, with the average mosquito density being 2.38 mosquitoes/lamp·h. There was a statistical difference in mosquito density between different months (H=15.143, P=0.034). The mosquito densities in different habitats peaked during July to August. The difference in the mosquito densities in different habitats between different months was statistically significant (H=36.653, P < 0.001). Conclusions: In Hebei Province, mosquito control should be strengthened in livestock sheds and rural houses during June to September. Attention should also be paid to the control of Cx. tritaeniorhynchus and An. sinensis in rural areas. Urban and rural areas should keep monitoring Ae. albopictus for timely control measures.

Key words: Mosquito, Ecological surveillance, Density, Seasonal variation