上海市2016－2021年蝇类生态学监测结果分析

doi:10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2023.04.003

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的: 掌握上海市蝇的种类、密度、分布规律及其消长趋势，及时开展蝇类传播疾病风险评估和预测预警，为蝇类防制提供科学依据。方法: 采用笼诱法，在农贸市场、居民小区、餐饮外环境和大型绿化带开展监测；使用Excel 2019和SPSS 20.0软件，对上海市2016－2021年每年3－11月每旬各监测点蝇类监测数据进行汇总整理及统计分析。结果: 2016－2021年共捕蝇18 052只，平均密度为1.52只/笼，鉴定蝇种有5科9属14种，以厩腐蝇、棕尾别麻蝇、大头金蝇、丝光绿蝇和家蝇为优势种；厩腐蝇密度最高，为0.28只/笼，其次为棕尾别麻蝇，为0.24只/笼；除棕尾别麻蝇在大型绿化带中密度略高于厩腐蝇外，其他生境中均以厩腐蝇密度最高，二者在农贸市场的密度差异有统计学意义（t=-2.674，P=0.023）；家蝇占比整体呈逐年下降趋势，厩腐蝇占比上升；蝇密度2018年最高，为1.82只/笼，2016年最低，为1.04只/笼；蝇密度高峰期为6－8月，月平均密度分别为2.65、2.49和2.28只/笼；2016－2021年，不同生境蝇密度依次是农贸市场 > 大型绿化带 > 居民小区 > 餐饮外环境。结论: 上海市蝇种丰富，以厩腐蝇密度最高，每年蝇密度高峰期在6－8月，农贸市场是蝇类防制的重点场所，蝇密度自2019年下降后再次升高，提示应持续加强蝇类综合防制。

关键词: 蝇类, 种类构成, 蝇密度, 季节消长

Abstract:

Objective: To analyze the species, density, distribution, and variation of flies in Shanghai, China, to carry out risk assessment, prediction, and early warning of fly-borne diseases in a timely manner, so as to provide scientific reference for fly control. Methods: Using the cage trap method, fly traps were placed in farmers' markets, residential areas, external environment of restaurants, and large green belts. Fly surveillance data were collected every ten days from March to November in 2016-2021 in Shanghai. The data were processed and analyzed using Excel 2019 and SPSS 20.0. Results: From 2016 to 2021, 18 052 flies were caught with an average density of 1.52 flies/cage. The identified fly species belonged to 5 families, 9 genera, and 14 species. The dominant species were Muscina stabulans, Boettcherisca peregrina, Chrysomya megacephala, Lucilia sericata, and Musca domestica. M. stabulans showed the highest density of 0.28 flies/cage, followed by B. peregrina (0.24 flies/cage). In large green belts, the density of B. peregrina was higher than that of M. stabulans, and in all other habitats, the density of M. stabulans was the highest. There was a significant difference in density between B. peregrina and M. stabulans in the farmers' market (t=-2.674, P=0.023). The proportion of Mu. domestica decreased year by year, and the proportion of M. stabulans increased. The fly density was the highest in 2018 (1.82 flies/cage) and the lowest in 2016 (1.04 flies/cage). Fly density peaked from June to August, with the monthly average densities of 2.65, 2.49, and 2.28 flies/cage, respectively. In 2016-2021, the fly density in different habitats was in the order of farmers' markets > large green belts > residential areas > external environment of restaurants. Conclusions: The fly species are diverse in Shanghai. M. stabulans has the highest density. Fly density peaks from June to August, and farmer's market is a key place for targeted fly control. Fly density rose again after decline in 2019, suggesting that comprehensive control of flies should be continuously strengthened.

Key words: Fly species, Species composition, Fly density, Seasonal variation

中图分类号:

R384.2

王静静, 徐劲秋, 朱江, 刘洪霞, 冷培恩. 上海市2016－2021年蝇类生态学监测结果分析[J]. 中国媒介生物学及控制杂志, 2023, 34(4): 457-461.

Jing-jing WANG, Jing-qiu XU, Jiang ZHU, Hong-xia LIU, Pei-en LENG. An analysis of fly ecological surveillance results in Shanghai, China, 2016-2021[J]. Chinese Journal of Vector Biology and Control, 2023, 34(4): 457-461.

图/表 6

图 1 2016－2021年上海市不同蝇种构成比

Fig. 1 Species composition of flies in Shanghai, 2016-2021

表 1 2016－2021年上海市不同蝇种密度（只/笼）消长情况

Table 1 Annual variation of fly species density (flies per cage) in Shanghai, 2016-2021

图 2 2016－2021年上海市蝇密度季节消长

Fig. 2 Seasonal variation of fly density in Shanghai, 2016-2021

图 3 2016－2021年上海市不同生境蝇密度年际消长情况

Fig. 3 Annual variation of fly density in different habitats in Shanghai, 2016-2021

表 2 2016－2021年上海市不同生境不同蝇种密度及构成

Table 2 Density and composition of fly species in different habitats in Shanghai, 2016-2021

图 4 2016－2021年上海市不同生境蝇密度季节消长

Fig. 4 Seasonal variation of fly density in different habitats in Shanghai, 2016-2021

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