辽宁省2018－2021年蝇类监测结果分析

doi:10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2023.02.015

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 目的掌握辽宁省人居及周边环境的蝇类物种构成、密度和季节消长变化情况，为蝇类防控提供科学依据。方法 2018－2021年5－10月选择居民区、餐饮外环境、绿化带（公园）、露天农贸市场4类生境，采用笼诱法进行蝇类密度监测，对获得的数据使用Excel 2010和SPSS 23.0软件进行统计分析。采用χ²检验对不同年份、不同生境蝇种构成比进行比较；采用Levene检验对不同年度、不同生境蝇类密度方差齐性进行检验；采用多配对样本的Friedman检验对不同年度、不同生境蝇类密度季节消长情况进行比较。结果 2018－2021年辽宁全省共布放诱蝇笼2 239笼次，捕获蝇类83 690只，优势种群为丝光绿蝇、家蝇、厩腐蝇和麻蝇科蝇种，共占捕获总数的79.95%。4种生境中均以丝光绿蝇为优势种。蝇类总密度为6.23只/（笼·h），2018－2021年蝇类密度分别为6.72、6.68、6.97和4.61只/（笼·h）。不同生境中，农贸市场蝇类密度最高，达9.20只/（笼·h），居民区最低，仅为3.47只/（笼·h）。蝇类密度总体的季节消长呈双峰曲线，高峰出现在7和8月，不同年份蝇类密度季节消长差异有统计学意义（χ²=14.174，P=0.001），不同生境蝇类密度季节消长差异有统计学意义（χ²=9.652，P=0.008）。结论掌握了辽宁省人居及周边环境的蝇种构成、密度及季节消长情况，建议在蝇类活动高峰期前及早采取综合防制措施，以降低蝇类密度和减少疾病的发生。

关键词: 蝇类, 密度, 监测, 物种构成, 季节消长

Abstract: Objective To investigate the fly species composition, density and seasonality in human dwellings and surroundings in Liaoning province, China, and to provide a scientific basis for the prevention and control of flies. Methods From May to October, 2018-2021, four types of habitats, residential areas, restaurants, greenbelts, and outdoor farmers’ markets, were chosen for investigation. The cage trapping method was used for fly density surveillance. Excel 2010 and SPSS 23.0 softwares were used to statistically analyze the obtained data. The Chi-square test was used to compare the composition of fly species between different years and different habitats. The Levene test was used to test the homogeneity of variance of fly densities in each year and each habitat. The Friedman test for multiple paired samples was used to compare the seasonal fluctuations of fly density between different years and habitats. Results From 2018 to 2021, a total of 2 239 fly traps were deployed in Liaoning province, and 83 690 flies were captured. The dominant species were Lucilia sericata, Musca domestica, Muscina stabulans, and Sarcophagidae flies, together accounting for 79.95% of the total captured. L. sericata was the dominant species in all four habitats. The overall fly density was 6.23 flies/trap·h, and the annual fly density in 2018-2021 was 6.72, 6.68, 6.97, and 4.61 flies/trap·h, respectively. In terms of various habitats, Farmers’ markets had the highest fly density (9.20 flies/trap·h), and residential areas had the lowest fly density (3.47 flies/trap·h). The overall seasonal fluctuations of fly density showed a bimodal curve, and the peak occurred in July-August. There were significant differences in the seasonal variation of fly density between different years (χ²=14.174, P=0.001) and different habitats (χ²=9.652, P=0.008). Conclusions The fly species composition, density, and seasonal fluctuations in human dwellings and surroundings in Liaoning province were mastered. It is suggested that integrated control measures should be taken as early as before the peak of fly infestation, so as to reduce the density of flies and reduce the occurrence of diseases.

Key words: Fly, Density, Surveillance, Species composition, Seasonal fluctuations

中图分类号:

R384.2

王纯玉, 白玉银, 张家勇, 丁俊. 辽宁省2018－2021年蝇类监测结果分析[J]. 中国媒介生物学及控制杂志, 2023, 34(2): 233-237.

WANG Chun-yu, BAI Yu-yin, ZHANG Jia-yong, DING Jun. An analysis of surveillance results for flies in Liaoning province, China, 2018-2021[J]. Chinese Journal of Vector Biology and Control, 2023, 34(2): 233-237.

参考文献

[1] 陆宝麟,吴厚永. 中国重要医学昆虫分类与鉴别[M]. 郑州:河南科学技术出版社,2003:375-427.Lu BL,Wu HY. Classification and identification of important medical insects of China[M]. Zhengzhou:Henan Science and Technology Press,2003:375-427. (in Chinese)
[2] 汪诚信. 有害生物治理[M]. 北京:化学工业出版社,2005:352-380.Wang CX. Pest management[M]. Beijing:Chemical Industry Press,2005:352-380. (in Chinese)
[3] 张立华,王秀云,刘硕,等. 2016年北京市昌平区蝇类密度监测分析[J]. 中华卫生杀虫药械,2017,23(4):368-369. DOI:10.19821/j.1671-2781.2017.04.022.Zhang LH,Wang XY,Liu S,et al. Analysis of fly density monitoring in Changping district of Beijing in 2016[J]. Chin J Hyg Insect Equip,2017,23(4):368-369. DOI:10.19821/j.1671-2781.2017.04.022.(in Chinese)
[4] 于雪岚,刘鹃,刘鹏. 2017-2019年内江市蝇密度监测及季节消长分析[J]. 中华卫生杀虫药械,2021,27(2):136-138. DOI:10.19821/j.1671-2781.2021.02.012.Yu XL,Liu J,Liu P. Monitoring and seasonal fluctuation of flies in Neijiang from 2017 to 2019[J]. Chin J Hyg Insect Equip,2021,27(2):136-138. DOI:10.19821/j.1671-2781.2021.02.012.(in Chinese)
[5] 王纯玉,丁俊,白玉银,等. 辽宁省2013-2017年蝇密度与季节消长监测分析[J]. 中国媒介生物学及控制杂志,2018,29(5):472-475. DOI:10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2018.05.013.Wang CY,Ding J,Bai YY,et al. Monitoring and analysis of fly density and seasonal fluctuation in Liaoning province,2013-2017[J]. Chin J Vector Biol Control,2018,29(5):472-475. DOI:10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2018.05.013.(in Chinese)
[6] 王雪霜,吴海霞,刘起勇. 2019年全国蝇类监测报告[J]. 中国媒介生物学及控制杂志,2020,31(4):407-411. DOI:10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2020.04.005.Wang XS,Wu HX,Liu QY. National surveillance report on flies in China,2019[J]. Chin J Vector Biol Control,2020,31(4):407-411. DOI:10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2020.04.005.(in Chinese)
[7] 唐振强,刘吉起,郭祥树,等. 2008-2011年河南省蝇类密度监测及季节消长情况分析[J]. 中华卫生杀虫药械,2013,19(2):132-134. DOI:10.19821/j.1671-2781.2013.02.014.Tang ZQ,Liu JQ,Guo XS,et al. Monitor and seasonal fluctuation of flies density in Henan province in 2008-2011[J]. Chin J Hyg Insect Equip,2013,19(2):132-134. DOI:10.19821/j.1671-2781.2013.02.014.(in Chinese)
[8] 韩晓莉,黄钢,赵勇,等. 河北省不同城市住区蝇类密度及不同诱饵监测结果分析[J]. 中国媒介生物学及控制杂志,2009,20(4):307-310.Han XL,Huang G,Zhao Y,et al. Analysis on the flies density monitored with different baits at different residential areas of Hebei province[J]. Chin J Vector Biol Control,2009,20(4):307-310. (in Chinese)
[9] 蔡恩茂,殷为申,冷培恩,等. 模拟现场不同诱饵对家蝇诱捕效果的研究[J]. 中国媒介生物学及控制杂志,2011,22(1):14-15,18.Cai EM,Yin WS,Leng PE,et al. Attraction effects of different Musca domestica baits under simulated field conditions[J]. Chin J Vector Biol Control,2011,22(1):14-15,18. (in Chinese)
[10] 余小辉. 丝光绿蝇研究概况[J]. 中国媒介生物学及控制杂志,2010,21(4):402-404.Yu XH. Study proceedings of Lucilia sericata[J]. Chin J Vector Biol Control,2010,21(4):402-404. (in Chinese)
[11] 胡池,李枝金. 丝光绿蝇致胃肠蝇蛆病1例[J]. 中国病原生物学杂志,2006,1(6):445. DOI:10.13350/j.cjpb.2006.06.017.Hu C,Li ZJ. One case of intestinal myiasis caused by Lucilia sericata[J]. J Pathog Biol,2006,1(6):445. DOI:10.13350/j.cjpb.2006.06.017.(in Chinese)
[12] 葛涛,纪卓,袁爽,等. 2006-2008年黑龙江省病媒生物监测点监测结果分析[J]. 中国媒介生物学及控制杂志,2010,21(2):143-145.Ge T,Ji Z,Yuan S,et al. Surveillance of disease vectors in Heilongjiang province from 2006 to 2008[J]. Chin J Vector Biol Control,2010,21(2):143-145. (in Chinese)
[13] 唐振强,樊金星,刘吉起. 2019年河南省蝇类监测[J]. 中华卫生杀虫药械,2021,27(3):243-245. DOI:10.19821/j.1671-2781.2021.03.014.Tang ZQ,Fan JX,Liu JQ. Surveillance of flies in Henan province in 2019[J]. Chin J Hyg Insect Equip,2021,27(3):243-245. DOI:10.19821/j.1671-2781.2021.03.014.(in Chinese)
[14] 王雪霜,吴海霞,岳玉娟,等. 2018年全国蝇类监测报告[J]. 中国媒介生物学及控制杂志,2019,30(2):139-141,150. DOI:10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2019.02.005.Wang XS,Wu HX,Yue YJ,et al. National vectors surveillance report on flies in China,2018[J]. Chin J Vector Biol Control,2019,30(2):139-141,150. DOI:10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280. 2019.02.005.(in Chinese)
[15] 王欣,庞松涛,雷晓岗,等. 西安市2009-2012年蝇类监测结果分析[J]. 中国媒介生物学及控制杂志,2014,25(3):270-272. DOI:10.11853/j.issn.1003.4692.2014.03.020.Wang X,Pang ST,Lei XG,et al. Surveillance of flies from 2009 to 2012 in Xi'an,Shaanxi province,China[J]. Chin J Vector Biol Control,2014,25(3):270-272. DOI:10.11853/j.issn.1003. 4692.2014.03.020.(in Chinese)
[16] 吴海霞,鲁亮,孟凤霞,等. 2006-2015年我国蝇类监测报告[J]. 中国媒介生物学及控制杂志,2018,29(1):5-10. DOI:10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2018.01.002.Wu HX,Lu L,Meng FX,et al. Reports on national surveillance of flies in China,2006-2015[J]. Chin J Vector Biol Control,2018,29(1):5-10. DOI:10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2018.01. 002.(in Chinese)
[17] 贺洪国,刘硕,张丽文,等. 北京市昌平区2012-2016年蝇类监测结果分析[J]. 中国媒介生物学及控制杂志,2017,28(6):597-599. DOI:10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2017.06.021.He HG,Liu S,Zhang LW,et al. Surveillance on flies in Changping district of Beijing,2012-2016[J]. Chin J Vector Biol Control,2017,28(6):597-599. DOI:10.11853/j.issn.1003. 8280.2017.06.021.(in Chinese)
[18] 罗熙平,文薇,刘涛,等. 巴中市2014-2017年蝇类监测[J]. 中华卫生杀虫药械,2019,25(2):166-169. DOI:10.19821/j.1671-2781.2019.02.022.Luo XP,Wen W,Liu T,et al. Surveillance of flies in Bazhong city from 2014 to 2017[J]. Chin J Hyg Insect Equip,2019,25(2):166-169. DOI:10.19821/j.1671-2781.2019.02.022.(in Chinese)
[19] 刘芳芳,孙佩龙,周大宇,等. 2008-2015年锦州市蝇类监测分析[J]. 中华卫生杀虫药械,2016,22(5):470-473. DOI:10.19821/j.1671-2781.2016.05.017.Liu FF,Sun PL,Zhou DY,et al. Monitoring analysis of flies in Jinzhou city from 2008 to 2015[J]. Chin J Hyg Insect Equip,2016,22(5):470-473. DOI:10.19821/j.1671-2781.2016.05.017.(in Chinese)
[20] 马卓,魏绪强,阙燃,等. 北京市东城区2014-2019年蝇密度监测及季节消长分析[J]. 中国媒介生物学及控制杂志,2020,31(6):690-694. DOI:10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2020.06.013.Ma Z,Wei XQ,Que R,et al. Surveillance and analysis of fly density and seasonal fluctuation in Dongcheng district of Beijing,China,2014-2019[J]. Chin J Vector Biol Control,2020,31(6):690-694. DOI:10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2020.06.013.(in Chinese)
[21] 文献英,刘平,黄川,等. 2018-2020年绵阳市城区蝇类监测分析[J]. 中华卫生杀虫药械,2022,28(3):237-239. DOI:10.19821/j.1671-2781.2022.03.013.Wen XY,Liu P,Huang C,et al. Surveillance and analysis of flies in urban areas of Mianyang from 2018 to 2020[J]. Chin J Hyg Insect Equip,2022,28(3):237-239. DOI:10.19821/j.1671-2781.2022.03.013.(in Chinese)
[22] 刘起勇. 我国病媒生物监测与控制现状分析及展望[J]. 中国媒介生物学及控制杂志,2015,26(2):109-113,126. DOI:10.11853/j.issn.1003.4692.2015.02.001.Liu QY. State-of-art analysis and perspectives on vector surveillance and control in China[J]. Chin J Vector Biol Control,2015,26(2):109-113,126. DOI:10.11853/j.issn.1003.4692. 2015.02.001.(in Chinese)