2020－2022年中山口岸不同港区小型哺乳动物及其携带体表寄生虫和病原体监测分析

doi:10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2022.06.005

中国媒介生物学及控制杂志 ›› 2022, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (6): 793-799.DOI: 10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2022.06.005

2020－2022年中山口岸不同港区小型哺乳动物及其携带体表寄生虫和病原体监测分析

李植涛^1,2, 刘德星², 陈健², 李婷婷², 魏晓雅², 岳巧云³, 甘翔¹, 丁锦颜¹, 邱德义², 刘环宇^1,4

1. 广东药科大学公共卫生学院, 广东广州 510006;
2. 中山海关技术中心国家医学媒介生物监测重点实验室, 广东中山 528403;
3. 中山火炬职业技术学院, 广东中山 528436;
4. 广东省化妆品工程技术研究中心, 广东中山 528403

收稿日期:2022-08-25 出版日期:2022-12-20 发布日期:2022-12-09
通讯作者: 邱德义,E-mail:1610097453@qq.com; 刘环宇,E-mail:liuhuanyu03@163.com
作者简介:李植涛,女,在读硕士,从事公共卫生研究, E-mail:LZTao598@163.com
基金资助:
海关总署科研项目（2020HK121，2021HK144，2021HK005）；中山市社会公益与基础研究项目（2021B2009）；拱北海关科研项目（2021GK009）；河北省重点研发计划（213777109D）

Analysis of surveillance data on small mammals and their ectoparasites and pathogens in different port areas of Zhongshan port, China, 2020-2022

LI Zhi-tao^1,2, LIU De-xing², CHEN Jian², LI Ting-ting², WEI Xiao-ya², YUE Qiao-yun³, GAN Xiang¹, DING Jin-yan¹, QIU De-yi², LIU Huan-yu^1,4

1. School of Public Health, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China;
2. State Key Laboratory of Medical Vector Surveillance, Zhongshan Customs Technology Center, Zhongshan, Guangdong 528403, China;
3. Zhongshan Torch Polytechnic, Zhongshan, Guangdong 528436, China;
4. Guangdong Cosmetics Engineering & Technology Research Center, Zhongshan, Guangdong 528403, China

Received:2022-08-25 Online:2022-12-20 Published:2022-12-09
Supported by:
General Administration of Customs Research Projects (No. 2020HK121, 2021HK144, 2021HK005); Zhongshan City Major Public Welfare Projects (No. 2021B2009); Gongbei Customs Research Projects (No. 2021GK009); Key R&D Program in Hebei Province (No. 213777109D)

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 目的监测调查中山口岸4个港区（中山、神湾、小榄和黄圃港区）的小型哺乳动物种类，及其携带媒介昆虫和自然感染鼠类病原体的情况。方法 2020年5月－2022年5月使用笼夜法在中山口岸4个港区捕捉小型哺乳动物，采集其体表寄生虫并提取核酸，然后解剖取肝、脾、肺、肾4种器官的组织提取核酸，使用线粒体细胞色素C氧化酶亚基Ⅰ（COⅠ）基因扩增引物Batl5310/R6036R和LCO1490/ HCO2198分别对小型哺乳动物和其体表寄生虫进行物种分子生物学鉴定；参照国境口岸检测鼠类病原体的行业标准检测捕获小型哺乳动物鼠疫耶尔森菌（鼠疫菌）、汉坦病毒、致病性钩端螺旋体（钩体）、巴尔通体、土拉弗朗西斯菌（土拉菌）的感染情况，并用χ²检验对4个港区小型哺乳动物分布以及其携带寄生虫和自然感染病原体的情况进行统计分析。结果 4个港区共布放鼠笼1 630笼次，捕获小型哺乳动物48只，平均密度为2.94%，其中中山港区5只，神湾港区24只，小榄港区7只，黄圃港区12只，平均密度分别为1.23%、5.88%、1.73%和2.93%。共检出体表寄生虫34只，分别为虱17只，螨12只，蚤4匹，蜱1只，小型哺乳动物染虱率10.42%、染螨率12.50%、染蚤率6.25%、染蜱率2.08%，4个港区间小型哺乳动物各类体表寄生虫染虫率差异均无统计学意义（均P>0.05）。3种共10只小型哺乳动物检测到感染巴尔通体，总阳性率为20.83%，其中黄圃港区巴尔通体阳性率为50.00%、神湾港区为16.67%，中山和小榄港区未检出；从8只黄胸鼠、3只褐家鼠和37只臭鼩中分别检出4、1和5只鼠巴尔通体阳性。检出巴尔通体中4条序列分别鉴定为Bartonella tribocorum、B. queenslandensis、B. phoceensis，6条序列未鉴定到种，鼠种与巴尔通体种类间关联强度为r=0.765。检测鼠疫菌、汉坦病毒、土拉菌及致病性钩体结果均为阴性。结论中山口岸小型哺乳动物密度较高，各港区小型哺乳动物均有体表寄生虫，其中2个港区的小型哺乳动物有自然感染巴尔通体的情况且感染率高，应加强卫生管理及鼠传疾病的防控工作。

关键词: 中山口岸, 小型哺乳动物, 巴尔通体, 寄生虫

Abstract: Objective To monitor the small mammal species in the four port areas of Zhongshan port (Zhongshan, Shenwan, Xiaolan, and Huangpu port areas) in China, and to investigate the parasites and natural pathogens carried by the small mammals. Methods From May 2020 to May 2022, small mammals were captured by night trapping with cages in the four port areas of Zhongshan port. Ectoparasites were collected from the small mammals, followed by nucleic acid extraction. The small mammals’ liver, spleen, lung, and kidney were harvested for nucleic acid extraction. The small mammals and ectoparasites were identified using the cytochrome c oxidase subunit Ⅰ gene, with the primers Batl5310/R6036R and LCO1490/HCO2198 for amplification, respectively. According to the standards for small mammal pathogen detection at frontier ports, the captured small mammals were examined for Yersinia pestis, hantavirus, pathogenic Leptospira, Bartonella, and Francisella tularensis. The Chi-square test was used to analyze the distribution of small mammals in the four port areas and the status of ectoparasite infestation and natural pathogen infection. Results A total of 1 630 trap-times were set in the four port areas of Zhongshan port, and 48 small mammals were captured. The average density was 2.94%. Five small mammals were caught in Zhongshan port area, 24 in Shenwan port area, 7 in Xiaolan port area, and 12 in Huangpu port area, with average densities of 1.23%, 5.88%, 1.73%, and 2.93%, respectively. A total of 34 ectoparasites were obtained, including 17 sucking lice, 12 mites, 4 fleas, and 1 tick. The small mammals’ louse, mite, flea, and tick infestation rates were 10.42%, 12.50%, 6.25%, and 2.08%, respectively. There were no significant difference in the four kinds of ectoparasite infestation rates of small mammals among the four ports (all P>0.05). Ten small mammals of three species were positive for Bartonella, with an overall positive rate of 20.83%; the positive rate was 50.00% in Huangpu port area, 16.67% in Shenwan port area, and zero in Zhongshan and Xiaolan port areas; 4, 1 and 5 mice were detected positive for Bartonella from 8 Rattus tanezumi, 3 R. norvegicus, and 37 Suncus murinus, respectively. Four Bartonella sequences were identified as B. tribocorum, B. queenslandensis, and B. phoceensis. The species of six sequences could not be determined. The strength of correlation (r) between small mammal species and Bartonella species was 0.765. All the captured small mammals were negative for Y. pestis, hantavirus, F. tularensis, and pathogenic Leptospira. Conclusion The density of small mammals at Zhongshan port is relatively high. The small mammals in all the port areas have ectoparasite infestation. The small mammals in two port areas are positive for Bartonella, with high infection rates. Sanitation management and small mammal-borne disease control should be strengthened.

Key words: Zhongshan port, Small mammal, Bartonella, Ectoparasites

中图分类号:

R183

李植涛, 刘德星, 陈健, 李婷婷, 魏晓雅, 岳巧云, 甘翔, 丁锦颜, 邱德义, 刘环宇. 2020－2022年中山口岸不同港区小型哺乳动物及其携带体表寄生虫和病原体监测分析[J]. 中国媒介生物学及控制杂志, 2022, 33(6): 793-799.

LI Zhi-tao, LIU De-xing, CHEN Jian, LI Ting-ting, WEI Xiao-ya, YUE Qiao-yun, GAN Xiang, DING Jin-yan, QIU De-yi, LIU Huan-yu. Analysis of surveillance data on small mammals and their ectoparasites and pathogens in different port areas of Zhongshan port, China, 2020-2022[J]. Chinese Journal of Vector Biology and Control, 2022, 33(6): 793-799.

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2020－2022年中山口岸不同港区小型哺乳动物及其携带体表寄生虫和病原体监测分析

Analysis of surveillance data on small mammals and their ectoparasites and pathogens in different port areas of Zhongshan port, China, 2020-2022

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