河北省长爪沙鼠及其巢蚤密度与气象因素关系

doi:10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2022.05.013

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 目的分析和探讨河北省长爪沙鼠鼠疫疫源地长爪沙鼠和巢蚤密度与气象因素的关系。方法收集2001－2013年河北省长爪沙鼠鼠疫疫源地长爪沙鼠及其巢蚤的监测数据和同期降水量、气温和湿度等气象资料；定义长爪沙鼠鼠密度≥1.00 只/hm²为高危组，0.21～0.99只/hm²时为预警组，≤0.20只/hm²时为标准组，采用Kruskal-Wallis H秩和检验比较巢蚤染蚤率和蚤指数的差异；按照四分位间距将总降水量、平均气温和平均相对湿度分为4组，比较不同组间巢蚤指标的差异；采用多重对应分析探索长爪沙鼠密度、巢蚤指数与气象因素之间的关联性。结果不同总降水量组巢蚤染蚤率分布不同（H=10.220，P=0.017），降水量≥426.00 mm时染蚤率最高。不同总降水量、平均相对湿度和长爪沙鼠密度组巢蚤指数分布均不同（H=27.807、12.685、7.130，均P<0.05）；降水量≥426.00 mm、平均相对湿度≥58.71%和长爪沙鼠密度≥1.00只/hm²时巢蚤指数均最高，与最低组比较，差异均有统计学意义（t=4.722、2.999、2.504，均P<0.05）。多重对应分析结果显示，巢蚤指数P₇₅_～100与总降水量P₅₀_～75、平均相对湿度P₂₅_～50与高危组鼠密度有关联，巢蚤指数P₅₀_～75与总降水量P₇₅_～100和平均相对湿度P₇₅_～100有关联。结论降水量和长爪沙鼠密度是影响河北省长爪沙鼠鼠疫疫源地鼠巢蚤指数的重要因素，应根据宿主密度和气象条件确定灭蚤地点、范围和时间，进行精准性的灭蚤，防止鼠间鼠疫的流行。

关键词: 鼠巢蚤, 染蚤率, 蚤指数, 降水量, 气温, 湿度, 多重对应分析

Abstract: Objective To investigate the relationship between the population densities of Meriones unguiculatus and its nest fleas and meteorological factors in M.unguiculatus plague foci in Hebei province,China.Methods The monitoring data of M.unguiculatus and its nest fleas in M.unguiculatus plague foci in Hebei province from 2001 to 2013,as well as meteorological data such as precipitation,temperature and humidity during the same period were collected.The Kruskal-Wallis H test was used to compare the flea infestation rate and flea index of nest fleas among groups by the density of M.unguiculatus (≥ 1.00 rodents/hm² as high-risk group,0.21-0.99 rodents/hm² as warning group,≤ 0.20 rodents/hm² as standard group).Nest flea index were also compared among groups by total precipitation,average temperature,and average relative humidity (four groups each according to their interquartile ranges).Multiple correspondence analysis was performed to analyze the relationship between the density of M.unguiculatus,nest flea index,and meteorological factors.Results The flea infestation rate distribution was statistically different between different groups by total precipitation (H=10.220,P=0.017),and when the precipitation was ≥ 426.00 mm,the flea infestation rate was highest.The nest flea index distribution statistically differed between those groups by total precipitation,average relative humidity,and M.unguiculatus density (H=27.807,12.685,7.130,all P<0.05).When the precipitation was ≥ 426.00 mm,average relative humidity was ≥ 58.71%,and M.unguiculatus density was ≥ 1.00 rodents/hm²,the nest flea index values were all highest,with statistical differences from those of the lowest groups (t=4.722,2.999,2.504,all P<0.05).The multiple correspondence analysis showed strong associations of the flea index P_75-100 with the total precipitation P_50-75,the average relative humidity P_25-50,and M.unguiculatus density in the high-risk group,and strong associations of the flea index P_50-75 with the total precipitation P_75-100 and average relative humidity P_75-100.Conclusion Precipitation and M.unguiculatus density are important factors affecting the rodent nest flea index in M.unguiculatus plague foci in Hebei province.When determining the site,extent,and time of flea control,host density and meteorological conditions should be considered for precise flea control to prevent plague among rodents.

Key words: Rodent nest flea, Flea infestation rate, Flea index, Precipitation, Temperature, Humidity, Multiple correspondence analysis

中图分类号:

R384.3
S443

牛艳芬, 张懿晖, 康东梅, 陈永明, 刘广, 刘合智, 史献明, 杜国义. 河北省长爪沙鼠及其巢蚤密度与气象因素关系[J]. 中国媒介生物学及控制杂志, 2022, 33(5): 684-688.

NIU Yan-fen, ZHANG Yi-hui, KANG Dong-mei, CHEN Yong-ming, LIU Guang, LIU He-zhi, SHI Xian-ming, DU Guo-yi. Relationship between population densities of Meriones unguiculatus and its nest fleas and meteorological factors in M.unguiculatus plague foci of Hebei province,China[J]. Chinese Journal of Vector Biology and Control, 2022, 33(5): 684-688.

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