河北省塞罕坝国家级自然保护区蜱类调查研究

doi:10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2022.05.004

中国媒介生物学及控制杂志 ›› 2022, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (5): 632-636.DOI: 10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2022.05.004

河北省塞罕坝国家级自然保护区蜱类调查研究

高杨¹, 许士奇², 王丽娜¹, 郭文平³, 刘铭³

1. 承德医学院基础医学院病原生物学实验中心, 河北承德 067000;
2. 承德医学院生物医学工程系, 河北承德 067000;
3. 承德医学院基础医学院病原生物学教研室, 河北承德 067000

收稿日期:2022-06-09 出版日期:2022-10-20 发布日期:2022-10-14
通讯作者: 刘铭,E-mail:ming321225@126.com
作者简介:高杨,女,硕士,讲师,主要从事病原生物学研究,E-mail:326194867@qq.com
基金资助:
河北省教育厅青年基金(QN2018027);承德医学院高层次人才启动基金(201808)

An investigation of tick species in Saihanba National Nature Reserve of Hebei province,China

GAO Yang¹, XU Shi-qi², WANG Li-na¹, GUO Wen-ping³, LIU Ming³

1. Experimental Center of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Chengde Medical University, Chengde, Hebei 067000, China;
2. Department of Biomedical Engineering, Chengde Medical University, Chengde, Hebei 067000, China;
3. Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Chengde Medical University, Chengde, Hebei 067000, China

Received:2022-06-09 Online:2022-10-20 Published:2022-10-14
Supported by:
Youth Foundation of Hebei Provincial Department of Education (No.QN2018027);High-level Talent Foundation of Chengde Medical University (No.201808)

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 目的掌握河北省塞罕坝国家级自然保护区（塞罕坝保护区）蜱类构成、地理分布和季节消长情况，为蜱类防控提供依据。方法 2018年3－12月，在塞罕坝保护区采用布旗法收集不同生境内游离蜱，采用查捉法收集动物体表寄生蜱，调查蜱类构成、分布和季节消长情况。使用Excel 2010和SPSS 21.0软件进行数据统计及分析，采用χ²检验比较不同生境和不同宿主中蜱的数量与寄生强度差异。结果共采获蜱类601只，隶属1科3属3种；全沟硬蜱数量最多，占采获总数的64.56%（388/601），长角血蜱占28.62%（172/601），森林革蜱数量最少，占6.82%（41/601）。共收集游离蜱458只，且不同生境蜱的数量差异有统计学意义（χ²=96.506，P<0.001），在灌丛和草地收集的蜱较多，占游离蜱总数的58.52%（268/458），针叶林收集蜱最少，占9.39%（43/458）。共采获寄生蜱143只，宿主动物的总阳性感染率为41.38%，寄生强度为3.97，不同宿主间寄生蜱差异有统计学意义（χ²=16.106，P<0.001），羊体及鼠体的感染率分别为46.00%和35.14%。塞罕坝保护区内蜱3月可见活动，5－8月数量维持在较高水平，10－12月蜱大量减少直至消失。全沟硬蜱成蜱6月初达到高峰，8月初该蜱若蜱和幼蜱数量最多；长角血蜱与森林革蜱在8月数量达到高峰。不同蜱种间数量差异有统计学意义（χ²=31.437，P<0.001）。结论塞罕坝保护区蜱类具有多样性，全沟硬蜱为该地区优势蜱种；不同生境蜱类差异明显，且灌丛和草地是当地蜱最适栖息地；该地区蜱的活动高峰集中在夏季，与当地旅游期重合。

关键词: 塞罕坝, 蜱, 季节动态, 生境, 宿主

Abstract: Objective To investigate the species composition,geographical distribution,and seasonal fluctuation of ticks in Saihanba National Nature Reserve (Saihanba Reserve) of Hebei Province,China,and to provide a basis for tick prevention and control.Methods From March to December 2018,questing ticks were collected by flag-dragging in different habitats in Saihanba Reserve,and parasitic ticks were captured from host animals'body surface.The species composition,distribution,and seasonal fluctuation of ticks were investigated.Excel 2010 and SPSS 21.0 softwares were used for data statistics and analysis.The number and parasitic intensity of ticks were compared between different habitats and hosts by the Chi-square test.Results A total of 601 ticks of 1 family,3 genera,and 3 species were collected;the number of Ixodes persulcatus was the most numeous,accounting for 64.56%(388/601) of the total number;Haemaphysalis longicornis accounted for 28.62%(172/601);Dermacentor silvarum was the fewest,accounting for 6.82%(41/601).A total of 458 questing ticks were collected;the number of questing ticks showed a significant difference between different habitats (χ²=96.506,P<0.001),with the most ticks collected in shrubs and grasslands,accounting for 58.52%(268/458),and the fewest ticks in needle-leaved forests,accounting for 9.39%(43/458).A total of 143 parasitic ticks were collected,with an overall infestation rate of 41.38% and a parasitic intensity of 3.97 in host animals.The number of parasitic ticks showed a significant difference between different hosts (χ²=16.106,P<0.001);the infestation rate was 46.00% in sheep and 35.14% in rodents.In Saihanba Reserve,ticks were encountered in March,and the number of ticks maintained at a high level from May to August.From October to December,the number of ticks declined sharply until disappearing.Adults of I. persulcatus showed a peak in early June,and nymphs and larvae were at their peaks in early August.Additionally,D. silvarum and H. longicornis increased to their peaks in August.There was a significant difference between different tick species (χ²=31.437,P<0.001).Conclusion There are diverse species of ticks in Saihanba Reserve,and I. persulcatus is the dominant species in this region.The distribution of ticks varies significantly in different habitats,and the questing ticks are more prevalent in shrubs and grasslands.The population of ticks reaches to its peak in summer,a tourist season of Saihanba Reserve.

Key words: Saihanba, Ticks, Seasonal dynamics, Habitat, Host

中图分类号:

R384.4

高杨, 许士奇, 王丽娜, 郭文平, 刘铭. 河北省塞罕坝国家级自然保护区蜱类调查研究[J]. 中国媒介生物学及控制杂志, 2022, 33(5): 632-636.

GAO Yang, XU Shi-qi, WANG Li-na, GUO Wen-ping, LIU Ming. An investigation of tick species in Saihanba National Nature Reserve of Hebei province,China[J]. Chinese Journal of Vector Biology and Control, 2022, 33(5): 632-636.

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河北省塞罕坝国家级自然保护区蜱类调查研究

An investigation of tick species in Saihanba National Nature Reserve of Hebei province,China

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