辽宁省2015-2020年蜚蠊监测结果分析

doi:10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2022.02.011

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 目的掌握辽宁省蜚蠊密度、侵害率和种群构成，分析蜚蠊的季节消长变化趋势，为开展蜚蠊防制提供科学依据。方法收集整理2015－2020年辽宁省14个地级市病媒生物监测点蜚蠊监测数据，应用Excel 2010和SPSS 23.0软件对数据进行统计，分析蜚蠊密度及种群构成，比较不同年份、不同生境蜚蠊密度差异及季节消长变化趋势。结果 2015－2020年辽宁省病媒生物监测点共捕获蜚蠊47 940只，平均密度为0.52只/张，侵害率为10.45%，蜚蠊种群构成以德国小蠊为主，占捕获总数的97.91%。不同生境蜚蠊监测密度、侵害率差异较大，农贸市场和超市远高于其他生境，其次为餐饮行业、居民区，医院和宾馆较低。蜚蠊密度季节消长变化趋势2015、2019和2020年呈单峰曲线，2018年呈双峰曲线，2016和2017年呈多峰曲线，农贸市场和餐饮行业呈单峰曲线；蜚蠊侵害率季节消长变化趋势2015－2018年呈单峰曲线，2019和2020年呈双峰曲线，农贸市场呈双峰曲线，餐饮行业和居民区呈单峰曲线。蜚蠊密度和侵害率的最高峰均分布在7－9月。结论辽宁省2015－2020年蜚蠊密度呈现先下降再上升的趋势，侵害率呈现下降趋势，优势种为德国小蠊，农贸市场、超市等重点行业蜚蠊侵害严重。应加强监测和防制，结合蜚蠊密度和侵害率季节消长变化趋势，在蜚蠊活动高峰期7－9月前采取综合防制措施，以达到降低蜚蠊密度和控制疾病的目的。

关键词: 蜚蠊, 监测, 季节消长, 密度, 侵害率

Abstract: Objective To master the density, infestation rate, and species composition of cockroaches in Liaoning province, China and analyze the seasonal fluctuation trend of cockroaches, and to provide a scientific basis for the control of cockroaches. Methods The cockroach surveillance data from vector surveillance sites in fourteen cities of Liaoning province from 2015 to 2020 were collected and statistically analyzed using Excel 2010 and SPSS 23.0 softwares. The density and species composition of cockroaches were analyzed, and the density difference and seasonal fluctuation trend of cockroaches in different years and different habitats were compared. Results A total of 47 940 cockroaches were captured in the vector surveillance sites in Liaoning province from 2015 to 2020, with a mean density of 0.52 cockroach/paper and an infestation rate of 10.45%. Blattella germanica was the dominant cockroach species, accounting for 97.91% of the total number of the captured cockroaches. Cockroaches in different habitats showed significant differences in the surveillance density and infestation rate, which were much higher in farm produce markets and supermarkets than in other habitats, followed by in the food and beverage industry, residential areas, hospitals, and hotels. The seasonal fluctuation trend of cockroach density showed a unimodal curve in 2015, 2019, and 2020, a bimodal curve in 2018, a polymodal curve in 2016 and 2017, and a unimodal curve in farm produce markets and the food and beverage industry. The seasonal fluctuation trend of cockroach infestation rate showed a unimodal curve in 2015-2018, a bimodal curve in 2019 and 2020, a bimodal curve in farm produce markets, and a unimodal curve in the food and beverage industry and residential areas. The peaks of cockroach density and infestation rate occurred from July to September. Conclusion The cockroach density in Liaoning province showed a downward firstly and then upward trend from 2015 to 2020, and the infestation rate showed a downward trend. The dominant species was B. germanica. The infestation of cockroaches is serious in key industries including farm produce markets and supermarkets. In combination with the seasonal fluctuation trend of cockroach density and infestation rate, surveillance and control should be strengthened and integrated control measures shall be taken before the peak of cockroach activity (from July to September) to reduce cockroach density and control cockroach-related diseases.

Key words: Cockroach, Surveillance, Seasonal fluctuation, Density, Infestation rate

中图分类号:

R384.9

王纯玉, 白玉银, 张家勇, 丁俊. 辽宁省2015-2020年蜚蠊监测结果分析[J]. 中国媒介生物学及控制杂志, 2022, 33(2): 225-229.

WANG Chun-yu, BAI Yu-yin, ZHANG Jia-yong, DING Jun. Analysis of surveillance results of cockroaches in Liaoning province, China, 2015-2020[J]. Chinese Journal of Vector Biology and Control, 2022, 33(2): 225-229.

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