江苏省城市环境中蚊虫越冬状况调查研究

doi:10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2022.01.015

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 目的了解江苏省城市环境中各种蚊虫的越冬虫态、种类构成及栖息场所，为蚊虫防制及蚊媒传染病预警提供科学依据。方法于2019年1月7－17日，在江苏省南京、徐州、常州、苏州、镇江、宿迁和扬中市7个城市的中心城区和城郊结合部区域，选择冬季相对温暖的场所开展越冬蚊调查，成蚊调查采用栖息蚊捕捉法，幼蚊调查采用吸管法和勺舀法。结果捕获成蚊4种共1 237只，包括淡色库蚊、三带喙库蚊、中华按蚊和白纹伊蚊，淡色库蚊占比达99.43%。淡色库蚊在楼房底层楼梯间、地下室、地下车库、城郊民房和公共厕所5类场所中密度较高，蚊密度分别为16.79、11.07、15.61、18.86和13.50只/处；在徐州市云龙区潘塘姜楼牲畜棚发现3只雌性三带喙库蚊；在扬中市滨江公园瞭望塔和观江阁地下室发现3只雌性中华按蚊；在南京市雨花台区雨花客厅小区一地下车库发现1只雄性白纹伊蚊。在地下室/车库集水井、地下室排水沟、积水容器、低洼积水和污水池5类场所捕获淡色库蚊幼蚊461只，在常州市新北区奥体中心地下车库集水井中采集淡色库蚊卵筏1个。在有雌、雄蚊同时存在的场所中，淡色库蚊雌蚊体内有脂肪体积累的占42.86%（21/49），有吸血现象的占16.33%（8/49），卵巢有发育现象的占32.65%（16/49），其中7只卵巢中出现卵粒。结论淡色库蚊是江苏省城市环境中越冬蚊中的优势蚊种，越冬场所主要包括楼房底层楼梯间、地下车库、地下室、城郊民房和公共厕所等；当地下车库、地下室等场所中环境条件适宜时，淡色库蚊能够以成蚊、幼蚊、卵等虫态度过相对温暖的冬季。三带喙库蚊、中华按蚊可以栖息在城市郊区的牲畜棚或地下室场所中。

关键词: 越冬蚊, 淡色库蚊, 三带喙库蚊, 中华按蚊, 江苏省

Abstract: Objective To investigate the developmental stage, species composition, and habitat of overwintering mosquitoes in the urban environment of Jiangsu province, China, and to provide a scientific basis for mosquito control and early warning of mosquito-borne diseases. Methods A survey of overwintering mosquitoes was conducted in relatively warm places during winter in the central urban and suburban areas of Nanjing, Xuzhou, Changzhou, Suzhou, Zhenjiang, Suqian, and Yangzhong, Jiangsu province, China from January 7 to 17, 2019. The resting collection method was used for adult mosquitoes, and the pipette method and spoon method were used for larvae. Results A total of 1 237 adult mosquitoes of four species were captured, including Culex pipiens pallens, Cx. tritaeniorhynchus, Anopheles sinensis, and Aedes albopictus. The proportion of Cx. pipiens pallens was 99.43%. The density of Cx. pipiens pallens was high in storied buildings’ bottom-level stairwell, basements, underground garages, suburban private houses, and public toilets, being 16.79, 11.07, 15.61, 18.86, and 13.50 mosquitoes/habitat, respectively. Three female Cx. tritaeniorhynchus mosquitoes were found in a livestock shed of Jianglou village, Pantang subdistrict, Yunlong district, Xuzhou. Three female An. sinensis mosquitoes were found in the basements of the watchtower and watch-the-river pavilion in Binjiang Park of Yangzhong. One male Ae. albopictus mosquito was found in an underground garage of Yuhuaketing neighbourhood in Yuhuatai district, Nanjing. A total of 461 Cx. pipiens pallens larvae were captured in basements’ or underground garages’ water-collecting wells, basements’ drains, containers with still water, low-lying spots with still water, and sewage pool. One Cx. pipiens pallens egg raft was collected in the water-collecting well of the underground garage of Olympic Sports Center in Xinbei district, Changzhou. In the places with both male and female mosquitoes, 42.86% (21/49) of female Cx. pipiens pallens had fat body accumulation, 16.33% (8/49) had signs of blood sucking, and 32.65% (16/49) had signs of ovarian development, of which seven ovaries presented eggs. Conclusion Cx. pipiens pallens is the dominant overwintering mosquito species in the urban environment of Jiangsu province. The overwintering places mainly include storied buildings’ bottom-level stairwell, underground garages, basements, suburban private houses, and public toilets. When environmental conditions are suitable in underground garages, basements, etc., Cx. pipiens pallens can survive a relatively warm winter as adults, larvae, and eggs. Cx. tritaeniorhynchus and An. sinensis can live in livestock sheds and basements in suburban areas.

Key words: Overwintering mosquito, Culex pipiens pallens, Culex tritaeniorhynchus, Anopheles sinensis, Jiangsu province

中图分类号:

R384.1

吴治明, 褚宏亮. 江苏省城市环境中蚊虫越冬状况调查研究[J]. 中国媒介生物学及控制杂志, 2022, 33(1): 83-88.

WU Zhi-ming, CHU Hong-liang. An investigation of mosquito overwintering in urban environment of Jiangsu province， China[J]. Chinese Journal of Vector Biology and Control, 2022, 33(1): 83-88.

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