辽宁省2020年主要病媒生物监测结果分析

doi:10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2022.01.014

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 目的了解辽宁省鼠类、蚊虫、蝇类和蜚蠊等4类主要病媒生物的密度、物种构成、动态消长规律和变化趋势，为病媒生物和相关虫媒传染病的预防控制提供科学依据。方法 2020年1－12月单月采用夹夜法和粘捕法监测鼠类及蜚蠊，5－10月采用诱蚊灯法和笼诱法监测蚊虫和蝇类。收集整理辽宁省14个市病媒生物监测点监测数据，对数据使用Excel 2010和SPSS 23.0软件进行统计分析。结果 2020年辽宁省鼠密度为0.91只/100夹，全年鼠密度9月达到最高峰，密度为1.14只/100夹，监测生境中农村自然村鼠密度最高，为1.28只/100夹，不同生境鼠密度季节消长差异有统计学意义（χ²=25.986，P<0.05），优势鼠种为褐家鼠，占捕获总数的77.69%。蚊密度为45.67只/（灯·夜），全年蚊密度7月下旬达到高峰，密度为112.20只/（灯·夜），监测生境中牲畜棚蚊虫密度最高，为160.07只/（灯·夜），不同生境蚊密度季节消长差异有统计学意义（χ²=33.115，P<0.05），优势蚊种为淡色库蚊，占27.99%。蝇密度为6.97只/（笼·h），全年蝇密度7月达到高峰，密度为11.56只/（笼·h），监测生境中农贸市场蝇密度最高，为11.12只/（笼·h），不同生境蝇密度季节消长差异有统计学意义（χ²=12.783，P<0.05），优势蝇种为丝光绿蝇，构成比为44.77%。蜚蠊密度为0.62只/张，侵害率为7.45%，蜚蠊全年密度和侵害率均在9月达到高峰，农贸市场、超市等重点场所蜚蠊侵害严重，密度较高，不同生境蜚蠊密度季节消长差异有统计学意义（χ²=26.104，P<0.05），德国小蠊为绝对优势种群，所占比例为99.16%。结论掌握了2020年辽宁省主要病媒生物的密度、物种构成、动态消长规律，建议各地市根据辽宁省病媒生物监测结果采取有针对性的综合防制措施，以达到降低病媒生物密度和控制疾病的目的。

关键词: 病媒生物, 密度, 物种构成, 监测, 生境

Abstract: Objective To investigate the density, species composition, dynamic variation, and changing trend of four major vectors in Liaoning province of China, i.e., rodents, mosquitoes, flies, and cockroaches, and to provide a scientific basis for the prevention and control of vectors and vector borne infectious diseases. Methods From January to December in 2020, the night trapping method and the sticky trap method were used for the surveillance of rodents and cockroaches in odd months, and the light trapping method and the cage trapping method were used for the surveillance of mosquitoes and flies from May to October, respectively. Vector surveillance data were collected from the surveillance sites in 14 prefectures of Liaoning province, and Excel 2010 and SPSS 23.0 softwares were used for statistical analysis. Results In 2020, the density of rodents in Liaoning province was 0.91 rodents/100 traps and reached the peak of 1.14 rodents/100 traps in September; as for habitats, rural natural villages had the highest rodent density of 1.28 rodents/100 traps, and there was a statistical difference in the seasonal variation of rodent density between different habitats (χ²=25.986, P<0.05); the dominant species was Rattus norvegicus, accounting for 77.69% of the total rodents captured. The density of mosquitoes was 45.67 mosquitoes/lamp·night and reached the peak of 112.20 mosquitoes/lamp·night in late July; as for habitats, livestock shed had the highest mosquito density of 160.07 mosquitoes/lamp·night, and there was a statistical difference in the seasonal variation of mosquito density between different habitats (χ²=33.115, P<0.05); the dominant species was Culex pipiens pallens, accounting for 27.99%. The density of flies was 6.97 flies/cage·hour and reached the peak of 11.56 flies/cage·hour in July; as for habitats, farmers’ market had the highest fly density of 11.12 flies/cage·hour, and there was a significant difference in the seasonal variation of fly density between different habitats (χ²=12.783, P<0.05); the dominant species was Lucilia sericata with a composition ratio of 44.77%. Cockroaches had a density of 0.62 cockroaches/paper and an infestation rate of 7.45%, and the density and infestation rate of cockroaches reached the peaked in September; serious infestation and a high density of cockroaches were observed in the key places such as farmer’ market and supermarket, and there was a statistical difference in the seasonal variation of cockroach density between different habitats (χ²=26.104, P<0.05); the absolute dominant species was Blattella germanica, accounting for 99.16%. Conclusion This study helps to gain a better understanding of the density, species composition, and dynamic variation of the main vectors in Liaoning province in 2020, and it is suggested that all cities adopt targeted and integrated control measures according to the results of vector surveillance in Liaoning province, so as to reduce the density of vectors and control related diseases.

Key words: Vector, Density, Species composition, Surveillance, Habitat

中图分类号:

R384

王纯玉, 张家勇, 白玉银, 丁俊. 辽宁省2020年主要病媒生物监测结果分析[J]. 中国媒介生物学及控制杂志, 2022, 33(1): 76-82.

WANG Chun-yu, ZHANG Jia-yong, BAI Yu-yin, DING Jun. Surveillance results of the main vectors in Liaoning province of China in 2020[J]. Chinese Journal of Vector Biology and Control, 2022, 33(1): 76-82.

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