四川省广元市2018－2020年登革热媒介伊蚊生态学特征分析

doi:10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2021.06.010

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 目的了解四川省广元市登革热媒介种类及分布，分析伊蚊属幼蚊和成蚊密度的季节性变化规律，为登革热防制提供建议。方法 2018-2020年5-10月中旬，选择广元市利州区为监测点，根据中国疾病预防控制中心《登革热媒介伊蚊监测指南》，开展现场监测工作，严格按照定时、定点、定人的调查方法，采用布雷图指数（BI）法监测伊蚊幼蚊，双层叠帐法监测伊蚊成蚊，使用WPS 2020软件对监测结果进行汇总整理，运用SPSS 16.0软件进行t检验和χ²检验统计分析。BI均数的比较采用t检验，容器指数（CI）和房屋指数（HI）平均率的比较采用χ²检验。结果 2018-2020年广元市仅监测到白纹伊蚊。伊蚊幼蚊的平均BI值为25.62，平均CI值为17.91%，平均HI值为14.59%；白纹伊蚊成蚊的平均帐诱指数为0.87只/（顶·h）。每年7、8月为白纹伊蚊幼蚊密度高峰期，成蚊的密度高峰为7月。城市居民区的蚊密度均高于农村（均P<0.001）。不同容器类型中，其他水体的CI值最高，为30.30%；其次为废旧轮胎（28.24%）；然后是闲置容器（18.79%）、盆景（16.50%）、明渠（13.68%）、贮水池（12.99%）等；绿化带和竹头石穴监测到积水，但均为阴性。结论广元市存在登革热传播媒介白纹伊蚊，且密度较高，一旦发生登革热病例，存在登革热本地流行的风险。应加强登革热病例的监测预警和蚊虫孳生地环境整治，降低登革热媒介伊蚊密度，以防止登革热疫情暴发流行。

关键词: 登革热, 媒介监测, 广元市

Abstract: Objective To investigate the species, distribution, and seasonal variation of density of larvae and adult mosquitoes of dengue vector Aedes in Guangyuan of Sichuan province, China, and to provide suggestions for the prevention and control of dengue fever. Methods In the middle ten days from May to October in 2018-2020, Lizhou district of Guangyuan was selected as the surveillance site, and field surveillance was conducted according to Guidelines for dengue vector Aedes surveillance issued by Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, in strict accordance with the investigation method of fixed time, fixed location, and designated personnel. Breteau index (BI) was used to monitor larval Aedes mosquitoes, and the double mosquito net method was used to monitor adult Aedes mosquitoes. WPS 2020 software was used to collect surveillance results, and SPSS 16.0 software was used for statistical analysis with the t-test and the Chi-square test. The t-test was used to compare mean BI, and the Chi-square test was used to compare the mean rates of container index (CI) and house index (HI). Results Only Ae. albopictus was found in Guangyuan in 2018-2020. Aedes larvae had a mean BI of 25.62, a mean CI of 17.91%, and a mean HI of 14.59%, and the mean net trap index of adult Ae. albopictus mosquitoes was 0.87 mosquitoes/trap·hour. The peak density of Ae. albopictus larvae was observed in July and August every year, and the peak density of adult Ae. albopictus was observed in July. Urban residential areas had a statistically higher mosquito density than rural area (all P<0.001). Among the different container types, other water bodies had the highest CI of 30.30%, followed by waste tires (28.24%), and idle containers (18.79%), bonsai (16.50%), open channels (13.68%), and storage tanks (12.99%); stagnant water was observed in green belt and bamboo head/stone hole, but without positive results. Conclusion The dengue vector Ae. albopictus is observed in Guangyuan and has a relatively high density. In the event of a case of dengue fever, there is a risk of a local epidemic of dengue fever. It is necessary to strengthen the monitoring and early warning of dengue fever cases, strengthen the environmental improvement of mosquito breeding areas, reduce the density of dengue fever vector Aedes, and prevent the outbreak of dengue fever.

Key words: Dengue fever, Vector surveillance, Guangyuan

中图分类号:

R384.1

罗兴, 刘艳春, 贾永朝. 四川省广元市2018－2020年登革热媒介伊蚊生态学特征分析[J]. 中国媒介生物学及控制杂志, 2021, 32(6): 705-709.

LUO Xing, LIU Yan-chun, JIA Yong-chao. Bionomic characteristics of dengue vector Aedes mosquitoes in Guangyuan of Sichuan province, China, 2018-2020[J]. Chinese Journal of Vector Biology and Control, 2021, 32(6): 705-709.

参考文献

[1] Bhatt S,Gething PW,Brady OJ,et al. The global distribution and burden of dengue[J]. Nature,2013,496(7446):504-507. DOI:10.1038/nature12060.
[2] 刘起勇. 新时代媒介生物传染病形势及防控对策[J]. 中国媒介生物学及控制杂志,2019,30(1):1-6,11. DOI:10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2019.01.001. Liu QY. Epidemic profile of vector-borne diseases and vector control strategies in the new era[J]. Chin J Vector Biol Control,2019,30(1):1-6,11. DOI:10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2019. 01.001.
[3] 张勤,王永亮,苗丽,等. 登革热全球流行势态及对策[J]. 寄生虫与医学昆虫学报,2017,24(4):249-256. DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1005-0507.2017.04.008. Zhang Q,Wang YL,Miao L,et al. Review on global epidemic of dengue fever and its prevention and control strategy[J]. Acta Parasitol Med Entomol Sin,2017,24(4):249-256. DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1005-0507.2017.04.008.
[4] 王福春. 我国登革热流行概况与预防控制措施研究进展[J]. 职业与健康,2018,34(12):1717-1721. DOI:10.13329/j.cnki.zyyjk.2018.0392. Wang FC. Epidemic situation and prevention and control measures of dengue fever in China[J]. Occup Health,2018,34(12):1717-1721. DOI:10.13329/j.cnki.zyyjk.2018.0392.
[5] 曹一鸥,刘学成,周兴余,等. 2004-2015年四川省登革热流行特征及防控建议[J]. 预防医学情报杂志,2017,33(5):458-461. Cao YO,Liu XC,Zhou XY,et al. Epidemic features and relevant advice of dengue fever in Sichuan province from 2004 to 2015[J]. J Prev Med Inf,2017,33(5):458-461.
[6] 刘小波,吴海霞,郭玉红,等. 2019年全国媒介伊蚊监测报告[J]. 中国媒介生物学及控制杂志,2020,31(4):401-406. DOI:10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2020.04.004. Liu XB,Wu HX,Guo YH,et al. Annual report on Aedes vector surveillance in China,2019[J]. Chin J Vect Biol Control,2020,31(4):401-406. DOI:10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2020.04.004.
[7] 曹一鸥,吕强,张佳珂,等. 2019年四川省首例登革热本地病例调查与疫区处置情况分析[J]. 预防医学情报杂志,2020,36(11):1499-1503. Cao YO,Lyu Q,Zhang JK,et al. Investigation and disposal of the first local case of dengue fever in Sichuan province[J]. J Prev Med Inf,2020,36(11):1499-1503.
[8] 刘洋. 世界卫生组织制定《2012-2020年预防和控制登革热全球战略》[J].中国国境卫生检疫杂志,2021,44(1):68. Liu Y. 2012-2020 Global strategy for dengue prevention and control of dengue fever developed by World Health Organization[J]. Chin J Front Health Quarant,2021, 44(1):68.
[9] Abdul-Ghani R,Mahdy MAK,Al-Eryani SMA,et al. Impact of population displacement and forced movements on the transmission and outbreaks of Aedes-borne viral diseases:dengue as a model[J]. Acta Trop,2019,197:105066. DOI:10.1016/j.actatropica.2019.105066.
[10] 曹勇平,贾德胜,韩招久,等. 伊蚊的种群分布与医学重要性[J]. 中华卫生杀虫药械,2017,23(2):174-178. DOI:10.19821/j.1671-2781.2017.02.024. Cao YP,Jia DS,Han ZJ,et al. Population distribution and medical importance of Aedes[J]. Chin J Hyg Insect Equip,2017,23(2):174-178. DOI:10.19821/j.1671-2781.2017.02.024.
[11] 刘起勇. 我国登革热流行新趋势、防控挑战及策略分析[J].中国媒介生物学及控制杂志,2020,31(1):1-6. DOI:10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2020.01.001. Liu QY. Dengue fever in China:new epidemical trend,challenges and strategies for prevention and control[J]. Chin J Vect Biol Control,2020,31(1):1-6. DOI:10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2020. 01.001.
[12] 徐仁权,蔡恩茂,徐友祥,等. 上海地区白纹伊蚊监测与药物防制研究[J]. 中国媒介生物学及控制杂志,2003,14(4):256-260. DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1003-4692.2003.04.005. Xu RQ,Cai EM,Xu YX,et al. Surveillance on larva and adult of Aedes albopictus and the study of insecticide in Shanghai[J]. Chin J Vect Biol Control,2003,14(4):256-260. DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1003-4692.2003.04.005.
[13] 周祎,邢俊,杨月,等. 2016-2018年大连市登革热媒介白纹伊蚊监测分析[J]. 中华卫生杀虫药械,2021,27(1):39-41. DOI:10.19821/j.1671-2781.2021.01.010. Zhou Y,Xing J,Yang Y,et al. Surveillance of the dengue vector Aedes albopictus in Dalian from 2016 to 2018[J]. Chin J Hyg Insect Equip,2021,27(1):39-41. DOI:10.19821/j.1671-2781. 2021.01.010.
[14] 曹一鸥,周兴余,刘学成,等. 四川省2016-2018年登革热媒介伊蚊监测结果分析[J]. 中国媒介生物学及控制杂志,2020,31(2):185-189. DOI:10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2020.02.013. Cao YO,Zhou XY,Liu XC,et al. An analysis of surveillance results of dengue vector Aedes in Sichuan province,China,2016-2018[J]. Chin J Vect Biol Control,2020,31(2):185-189. DOI:10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2020.02.013.
[15] 罗熙平,邓发宪,文薇,等. 2016-2018年巴中市登革热媒介白纹伊蚊监测分析[J]. 中华卫生杀虫药械,2019,25(5):452-454. DOI:10.19821/j.1671-2781.2019.05.016. Luo XP,Deng FX,Wen W,et al. Surveillance on the dengue vector Aedes albopictus in Bazhong city from 2016 to 2018[J]. Chin J Hyg Insect Equip,2019,25(5):452-454. DOI:10.19821/j.1671-2781.2019.05.016.
[16] 蒋峥,何建邯,肖霖,等. 2006-2010年成都市气温、降雨量与蚊密度监测[J]. 医学动物防制,2011,27(9):817-818. DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1003-6245.2011.09.012. Jiang Z,He JH,Xiao L,et al. Monitoring the mosquito density,rainfall and temperature of Chengdu during 2006 to 2010[J]. J Med Pest Control,2011,27(9):817-818. DOI:10.3969/j.issn. 1003-6245.2011.09.012.
[17] 蒋峥,何建邯,周莉蓉,等. 蚊密度与气温及降雨量关系的聚类分析[J]. 中华卫生杀虫药械,2015,21(2):171-172,174. DOI:10.19821/j.1671-2781.2015.02.022. Jiang Z,He JH,Zhou LR,et al. Cluster analysis on temperature,precipitation and mosquito density[J]. Chin J Hyg Insect Equip,2015,21(2):171-172,174. DOI:10.19821/j.1671-2781.2015. 02.022.