湖北省鄂州市2016－2020年蜚蠊密度及抗药性监测结果分析

doi:10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2021.05.018

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 目的了解湖北省鄂州市蜚蠊的密度、侵害率、季节消长、分布及种群构成和德国小蠊对8种杀虫剂的抗药性情况，为科学防制蜚蠊提供依据。方法 2016－2020年采用粘捕法对鄂州市农贸市场、超市、宾馆、餐饮环境、医院、居民区6种不同生境进行蜚蠊密度监测，2018和2020年采用世界卫生组织推荐的药膜法测定德国小蠊的抗药性。利用Excel 2007软件进行数据统计，SPSS 17.0软件对蜚蠊密度、侵害率及构成比进行χ²检验，对抗药性结果计算半数击倒时间（KT₅₀）。结果 2016－2020年鄂州市蜚蠊密度和侵害率呈逐年降低趋势，2016年密度和侵害率最高，2020年最低，分别为0.28只/张、14.37%和0.14只/张、6.37%；蜚蠊季节消长规律较明显，7月为高峰期，密度和侵害率分别为0.41只/张和17.37%；不同生境中以餐饮环境和农贸市场的密度及侵害率较高，分别为0.46只/张、19.51%和0.31只/张、15.57%，其次是宾馆和超市，居民区和医院较低；捕获的蜚蠊以德国小蠊为主，占捕获总数的93.55%，其次为黑胸大蠊和美洲大蠊，分别占5.54%和0.91%。2018和2020年德国小蠊对溴氰菊酯、高效氟氯氰菊酯、高效氯氟氰菊酯、胺菊酯、氯菊酯、甲基吡恶磷、顺式氯氰菊酯和乙酰甲胺磷的抗性倍数分别为9.86、5.08、3.61、2.34、1.76、1.52、1.27和1.18倍。结论湖北省鄂州市蜚蠊的优势种为德国小蠊，密度高峰在7月，以餐饮环境和农贸市场等场所侵害最为严重。德国小蠊对溴氰菊酯、高效氟氯氰菊酯的抗药性为中度抗性，对高效氯氟氰菊酯、胺菊酯、氯菊酯、甲基吡恶磷、顺式氯氰菊酯和乙酰甲胺磷为低度抗性。

关键词: 蜚蠊, 密度, 德国小蠊, 抗药性

Abstract: Objective To investigate the density, infestation rate, seasonal variation, distribution, and population composition of cockroaches in Ezhou of Hubei province, China, and the insecticide resistance of Blattella germanica to eight insecticides, and to provide a scientific basis for the prevention and control of cockroach. Methods In 2016-2020, the sticky trap method was used to monitor the density of cockroaches in six types of habitats, i.e., farmers’ market, supermarket, hotel, catering environment, hospital, and residential area, in Ezhou, and in 2018 and 2020, the residual film method recommended by the World Health Organization was used to determine the insecticide resistance of B. germanica. Excel 2007 software was used for statistical analysis, SPSS 17.0 software was used to perform the Chi-square test of the density, infestation rate, and composition ratio of cockroaches, and median knockdown time (KT₅₀) was calculated for the results of insecticide resistance. Results The density and infestation rate of cockroaches showed a trend of gradual reduction year by year in Ezhou in 2016-2020, with the highest density of 0.28 cockroaches/trap and the highest infestation rate of 14.37% in 2016, and the lowest density of 0.14 cockroaches/trap and the lowest infestation rate of 6.37% in 2020. Seasonal variation was observed for cockroaches, and a peak was observed in July, with a density of 0.41 cockroaches/trap and an infestation rate of 17.37%. The highest density and infestation rate of cockroaches were observed in catering environment (with a density of 0.46 cockroaches/trap and an infestation rate of 19.51%) and farmers’ market (with a density of 0.31 cockroaches/trap and an infestation rate of 15.57%), followed by hotel and supermarket, and the low density and infestation rate were observed in residential area and hospital. B. germanica was the most numerous species and accounted for 93.55% of total catch, followed by Periplaneta fuliginosa and P. americana, accounting for 5.54% and 0.91%, respectively. The resistance ratios of B. germanica to deltamethrin, beta-cyfluthrin, lambda-cyhalothrin, tetramethrin, permethrin, azamethiphos, alpha-cypermethrin, and acephate were 9.86, 5.08, 3.61, 2.34, 1.76, 1.52, 1.27, and 1.18 between 2018 and 2020, respectively. Conclusion B. germanica is the dominant species of cockroaches in Ezhou of Hubei province, with peak density in July, and catering environment and farmers’ market have the highest infestation rate. B. germanica has moderate resistance to deltamethrin and beta-cyfluthrin and low resistance to lambda-cyfluthrin, tetramethrin, permethrin, azamethiphos, alpha-cypermethrin, and acephate.

Key words: Cockroach, Density, Blattella germanica, Insecticide resistance

中图分类号:

胡远峰, 谭梁飞. 湖北省鄂州市2016－2020年蜚蠊密度及抗药性监测结果分析[J]. 中国媒介生物学及控制杂志, 2021, 32(5): 599-603.

HU Yuan-feng, TAN Liang-fei. Surveillance results of cockroach density and insecticide resistance in Ezhou of Hubei province, China, 2016-2020[J]. Chines Journal of Vector Biology and Control, 2021, 32(5): 599-603.

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