海南省不同模式猪场蚊虫密度及活动规律调查

doi:10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2021.05.013

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 目的通过对海南省中西部3个不同模式猪场的蚊虫进行监测，了解其密度及活动规律，构建猪场蚊虫活动基础数据，为蚊虫科学防控提供参考。方法采用诱蚊灯法、动物帐诱法及猪诱停落法等方法进行蚊虫监测，利用Excel 2010和SPSS 26软件整理监测点蚊虫数，分析不同模式猪场蚊虫季节消长规律和农户自养猪场蚊虫昼夜活动规律，并统计传统猪场蚊虫停落指数，Pearson χ²检验用于不同模式猪场蚊虫构成比分析。结果农户自养猪场、传统猪场及现代化猪场主要蚊虫种类均隶属于5属5种，蚊虫年平均密度依次为（4.79±4.32）、（15.31±16.51）和（15.16±11.20）只/（灯·h），优势蚊种均为三带喙库蚊，其占比分别为70.33%、89.64%和93.95%。3个猪场主要蚊虫构成比差异有统计学意义（χ²=8 410.560，P<0.001）。蚊虫季节消长规律不一致，农户自养猪场、传统猪场及现代化猪场蚊虫季节消长规律依次呈单峰状、波浪式和双峰状，蚊虫活动高峰依次出现在10、11月及7和9月。农户自养猪场蚊虫昼夜活动规律基本为早晚双高峰，传统猪场蚊虫平均停落指数高达（154.50±30.71）只/（猪·h）。结论 3个不同模式猪场蚊密度均较高。不同模式猪场主要蚊虫构成比差异有统计学意义，蚊虫季节消长各有规律，其防控工作需根据各类猪场蚊虫活动规律科学开展。

关键词: 猪场, 蚊虫, 活动规律, 密度

Abstract: Objective To investigate the mixed densities and activity patterns of mosquitoes in three different types of pig farms in the central and western parts of Hainan province, China, and construct the basic data of mosquito activity in pig farms, and to provide a reference for scientific control and prevention of mosquitoes. Methods Mosquitoes were monitored by the lamp trap method, animal-bait net trap method, and pig sty landing mosquito collection method. Excel 2010 software and SPSS 26 software were used to process the number of mosquitoes to analyze the seasonal fluctuations of mosquitoes in different types of pig farms, the diurnal and nocturnal activity pattern of mosquitoes in the farmer’s backyard pig sty, and the landing index of mosquitoes in the traditional pig farm. The Pearson’s chi-squared test was used to compare mosquito composition between different types of pig farms. Results The annual average density of mosquitoes was (4.79±4.32) mosquitoes/lamp·hour in the farmer’s backyard pig sty, (15.31±16.51) mosquitoes/lamp·hour in the traditional pig farm, and (15.16±11.20) mosquitoes/lamp·hour in the modern pig farm. The mosquitoes mainly involved 5 species of 5 genera in any of the three pig farms. Culex tritaeniorhynchus was the dominant species in all the three pig farms, with the composition ratios of 70.33%, 89.64%, and 93.95%, respectively. There was a statistical difference in the proportion of the major mosquito species between the three pig farms (χ²=8 410.560, P<0.001). The seasonal fluctuation of mosquitoes differed between the three farms, presenting as a single-peak pattern, a wavy pattern, and a double-peak pattern, respectively, with the activity of mosquitoes peaked in October, November, and July and September, respectively. In the farmer’s backyard pig sty, mosquitoes showed a diurnal-nocturnal activity pattern of double peaks in the morning and evening. The average landing index of mosquitoes reached up to (154.50±30.71) mosquitoes/pig·hour in the traditional pig farm. Conclusion All the three types of pig farms have relatively high mosquito densities. They have distinct compositions of major mosquito species and seasonal fluctuations of mosquitoes. Mosquito prevention and control should be carried out scientifically according to the mosquito activity pattern of the pig farm.

Key words: Pig farm, Mosquito, Activity pattern, Density

中图分类号:

R384.1

石彦丽, 赵建国, 韩谦. 海南省不同模式猪场蚊虫密度及活动规律调查[J]. 中国媒介生物学及控制杂志, 2021, 32(5): 576-581.

SHI Yan-li, ZHAO Jian-guo, HAN Qian. Densities and activity patterns of mosquitoes in different types of pig farms in Hainan province, China[J]. Chines Journal of Vector Biology and Control, 2021, 32(5): 576-581.

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