河北省鼠疫自然疫源地动物鼠疫流行分布特征分析

doi:10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2021.03.013

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 目的分析河北省鼠疫自然疫源地动物鼠疫流行趋势，为河北省鼠疫防控策略制定提供依据。方法对1950－2019年河北省鼠疫自然疫源地动物鼠疫疫情监测数据，应用Excel 2007软件建立数据库，SPSS 19.0软件进行统计分析，鼠疫耶尔森菌（鼠疫菌）阳性数量用构成比进行描述，不同组分布比较用χ²检验，动物鼠疫季节分布特征分析使用集中度M值法。结果河北省鼠疫自然疫源地动物鼠疫流行间隔年中位数为9.5年，流行有一定的季节性（M=0.387），10－11月高发，其次是4－5月；康保牧场和照阳河镇分离出的鼠疫菌株分别占73.13%和26.12%，为主要流行地区。动物鼠疫流行以长爪沙鼠（构成比为87.31%）为主，传播媒介主要为秃病蚤蒙冀亚种和方形黄鼠蚤蒙古亚种（构成比均为1.49%）。鼠类阳性材料中，自毙鼠占92.25%。5次动物鼠疫流行期间，从长爪沙鼠中分离到的鼠疫菌株数量不同（χ²=20.026，P<0.001），长爪沙鼠平均密度为1.98只/hm²，体蚤平均蚤指数为1.12，巢蚤平均蚤指数为3.19。结论河北省鼠疫自然疫源地动物鼠疫流行呈间歇性、相对稳定性特征。为降低动物鼠疫发生风险，应密切关注长爪沙鼠密度及寄生蚤指数变化，在春秋季及时采取灭鼠灭蚤措施。同时加强已知疫区自毙鼠搜索工作，及时发现动物疫情，防止疫情扩散。

关键词: 鼠疫, 自然疫源地, 动物鼠疫, 流行分布

Abstract: Objective To analyze the epizootic trend of animal plague in the natural plague foci of Hebei province, China, and to provide evidence for formulating the strategies for the prevention and control of plague in Hebei province. Methods The monitoring data of animal plague in the natural plague foci of Hebei province from 1950 to 2019 were analyzed using Excel 2007 and SPSS 19.0 softwares. The number of Yersinia pestis positive animals was described as constituent ratio. The distribution of different groups was compared by the χ² test. The seasonal distribution of animal plague was analyzed by concentration degree. Results The median interval of plague epizootics in the natural plague foci of Hebei province was 9.5 years. The epizootics had certain seasonality (M=0.387), with a high frequency during October to November and then during April to May. Kangbao pasture (constituent ratio 73.13%) and Zhaoyanghe town (constituent ratio 26.12%) were the main epizootic areas. Meriones unguiculatus (constituent ratio 87.31%) was the main animal involved in the epizootics. The main vectors were Nosopsyllus laeviceps kuzenkovi (constituent ratio 1.49%) and Citellophilus tesquorum mongolicus (constituent ratio 1.49%). Among positive rodents, 92.25% were naturally dead rodents. The number of Y. pestis strains isolated from M. unguiculatus was significantly different between five rounds of plague epizootics (χ²=20.026, P<0.001). The average density of M. unguiculatus was 1.98/hm², the average flea index of body fleas was 1.12, and the average flea index of nest fleas was 3.19. Conclusion Plague epizootics in the natural plague foci of Hebei province show intermittent and relatively stable characteristics. In order to reduce the risk of animal plague, close attention should be paid to the density and parasitic flea index of M. unguiculatus, and measures should be taken timely to kill rodents and fleas in spring and autumn. At the same time, the searching for naturally dead rodents in historical epizootic areas should be strengthened to discover plague epizootics in time and prevent the spread of plague.

Key words: Plague, Natural focus, Animal plague, Epizootic distribution

中图分类号:

R516.8

白雪薇, 陈永明, 牛艳芬, 王海峰, 闫东, 史献明, 杜国义. 河北省鼠疫自然疫源地动物鼠疫流行分布特征分析[J]. 中国媒介生物学及控制杂志, 2021, 32(3): 324-328.

BAI Xue-wei, CHEN Yong-ming, NIU Yan-fen, WANG Hai-feng, YAN Dong, SHI Xian-ming, DU Guo-yi. Distribution characteristics of plague epidemics in animals in natural plague foci of Hebei province, China[J]. Chines Journal of Vector Biology and Control, 2021, 32(3): 324-328.

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