云南省德宏州2013－2019年登革热流行特征及媒介伊蚊监测分析

doi:10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2021.02.011

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 目的阐明2013－2019年云南省德宏傣族景颇族自治州（德宏州）登革热流行病学特征和媒介伊蚊分布特点。方法采用描述性流行病学方法对登革热病例资料进行分析。采用布雷图指数（BI）对媒介伊蚊幼虫密度进行监测并对采获蚊虫进行种类鉴定。结果 2013－2019年德宏州共确诊登革热4 974例，其中输入病例2 504例（50.34%），本地病例2 470例（49.66%），年平均发病率为56.23/10万，2019年发病率最高（112.61/10万）。德宏州瑞丽、芒市、陇川、盈江和梁河县（市）均有登革热流行，其中瑞丽市发病数占全州发病总数的88.18%（4 386/4 974），年平均发病率为320.93/10万，2019年高达661.45/10万；其他4县（市）发病数仅占11.82%（588/4 974）。全年各月均有来自缅甸的登革热输入病例，主要分布在7－12月；本地病例仅发生在6－11月，高峰期为9－10月。病例年龄最小5月龄，最大92岁，以20～49岁为主。男女性别比为1.06∶1。职业主要为商业服务人员（占41.86%）、家务及待业人员（17.01%）、学生（11.58%）和农民（9.28%）。瑞丽市共发生家庭聚集性疫情403户992例。2013－2019年瑞丽市蚊虫密度：6－11月BI为10～45，其他月份BI均<5。2019年采获的39 469只幼蚊中，埃及伊蚊、白纹伊蚊和其他蚊种分别占捕获幼蚊总数的47.80%、29.25%和22.95%。埃及伊蚊主要分布在瑞丽市，陇川县章风镇、盈江县拉邦镇及芒市芒海和遮放镇也有分布；白纹伊蚊在德宏州分布广泛。结论 2013－2019年德宏州每年都发生登革热输入病例和本地病例的共同流行，来自缅甸的输入性病例是引起该州本地流行的主要原因。本地登革热流行地区与埃及伊蚊分布区相一致，季节分布与蚊虫密度升高密切相关。加强中缅边境登革热跨境传播的监测和管理以及常态化防蚊灭蚊是控制该地区登革热的关键措施。

关键词: 登革热, 流行病学特征, 蚊虫密度, 埃及伊蚊, 白纹伊蚊

Abstract: Objective To investigate the epidemiological characteristics of dengue fever (DF) and the distribution characteristics of Aedes vector mosquitoes in Dehong Dai and Jingpo Autonomous Prefecture (Dehong prefecture) of Yunnan province, China in 2013-2019. Methods The descriptive epidemiological method was used to analyze the data of DF cases. Breteau index (BI) was used to monitor the density of Aedes larvae, and species identification was performed for the mosquitoes collected. Results A total of 4 974 confirmed DF cases were reported in Dehong prefecture in 2013-2019, with 2 504 (50.34%) imported cases and 2 470 (49.66%) indigenous cases. The mean annual incidence rate was 56.23/100 000, with the highest incidence rate of 112.61/100 000 in 2019. The prevalence of DF was observed in Ruili, Mangshi, Longchuan, Yingjiang, and Lianghe counties/cities of Dehong prefecture; the cases in Ruili accounted for 88.18% (4 386/4 974) of all cases in Dehong prefecture, with a mean annual incidence rate of 320.93/100 000 and an annual incidence rate as high as 661.45/100 000 in 2019; the cases in the other 4 counties/cities accounted for 11.82% (588/4 974). Imported cases from Myanmar were reported in each month, mainly from July to December, while indigenous cases only occurred from June to November, with a peak in September and October. The age of patients ranged from 5 months to 92 years, mainly 20-49 years, and the male/female ratio was 1.06:1. As for occupation, 41.86% were business service providers, 17.01% were engaged in housework or were unemployed, 11.58% were students, and 9.28% were farmers. Family clusters were observed in 403 households involving 992 cases in Ruili. As for mosquito density in Ruili in 2013-2019, BI was 10-45 from June to November and <5 in the other months. Among the 39 469 larvae collected in 2019, Ae. aegypti accounted for 47.80%, Ae. albopictus accounted for 29.25%, and other mosquito species accounted for 22.95%. Ae. aegypti was mainly distributed in Ruili city, Zhangfeng town of Longchuan county, Labang town of Yingjiang county, and Manghai and Zhefang towns of Mangshi city, and Ae. albopictus was widely distributed in Dehong prefecture. Conclusion Both imported and indigenous DF cases are reported in Dehong prefecture in 2013-2019, and imported cases from Myanmar are the main cause of local prevalence of DF in Dehong prefecture. The epidemic areas of DF in Dehong prefecture are consistent with the distribution of Ae. aegypti, and the seasonal distribution of DF cases is closely associated with the increase in mosquito density. Strengthening the surveillance and management of the cross-border transmission of DF along the Sino-Myanmar border and conducting regular mosquito control are the key measures to control DF in this region.

Key words: Dengue fever, Epidemiological characteristics, Mosquito density, Aedes aegypti, Aedes albopictus

中图分类号:

刘永华, 尹小雄, 张海林, 杨召兰, 董朝良, 陈思玉, 郭兆盛, 李萍. 云南省德宏州2013－2019年登革热流行特征及媒介伊蚊监测分析[J]. 中国媒介生物学及控制杂志, 2021, 32(2): 173-180.

LIU Yong-hua, YIN Xiao-xiong, ZHANG Hai-lin, YANG Zhao-lan, DONG Chao-liang, CHEN Si-yu, GUO Zhao-sheng, LI Ping. Epidemiological characteristics of dengue fever and monitoring of Aedes vector mosquitoes in Dehong Dai and Jingpo autonomous prefecture of Yunnan province, China, 2013-2019[J]. Chines Journal of Vector Biology and Control, 2021, 32(2): 173-180.

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