云南省129个县（市、区）主城区登革热媒介伊蚊分布调查

doi:10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2021.02.006

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 目的了解云南省主城区埃及伊蚊和白纹伊蚊的种群密度、分布、地区差异、孳生习性等特征。方法在云南省129个县（市、区）主城区开展伊蚊调查，采用布雷图指数（BI）法，调查居民区和特殊场所（包括城区公园绿地、废旧物品回收站、轮胎收购站和医院等）的所有积水容器，有媒介伊蚊幼蚊或蛹孳生计为阳性，并采集阳性容器内的幼蚊，鉴定蚊种。采用描述性统计方法对基本情况进行表述，χ²检验比较分析不同地区、不同生态环境伊蚊孳生场所的差异，采用趋势χ²检验分析海拔与蚊虫孳生密度的关系。结果云南省129个县（市、区）的主城区发现伊蚊媒介分布的有71个，占55.04%，其中城区仅有白纹伊蚊分布的为68个，占52.71%；埃及伊蚊和白纹伊蚊共同分布的有3个，占2.33%。共调查37 198户，阳性1 068户，发现积水容器167 206个，阳性2 135个，BI均值为5.74，房屋指数（HI）为2.87%，容器指数（CI）为1.28%。特殊场所的BI和CI均显著高于居民区的BI和CI（χ²=4 509.220，P<0.001；χ²=128.591，P<0.001）；积水容器类型以轮胎最多，占44.84%，其次为其他暂时性容器，占12.55%，水桶占13.64%，阳性率从高到低依次是轮胎、水桶、其他暂时性容器、废弃瓶、水池、其他永久性容器和花瓶，分别为1.73%、1.25%、1.02%、0.95%、0.59%、0.56%和0.48%；全省容器阳性率排前5位的是德宏傣族景颇族自治州（德宏州）、红河哈尼族彝族自治州（红河州）、西双版纳傣族自治州（西双版纳州）、文山壮族苗族自治州（文山州）和普洱市，分别为8.72%（583/6 689）、2.83%（285/10 053）、2.70%（124/4 587）、2.54%（271/10 662）和2.43%（308/12 691）。2 135个阳性容器中，有白纹伊蚊孳生的1 849个，占86.60%，有埃及伊蚊孳生的251个，占11.76%，白纹伊蚊和埃及伊蚊混合孳生的35个，占1.64%。勐腊县埃及伊蚊构成较高，占79.66%，瑞丽市为67.03%，景洪市为34.55%，差异有统计学意义（χ²=28.194，P<0.001）；伊蚊孳生率和海拔存在线性关系，随着海拔升高，伊蚊孳生率逐渐下降（χ²=1 413.993，P<0.001）。结论白纹伊蚊在云南省分布较广泛，局部地区埃及伊蚊已成为优势蚊种；特殊场所伊蚊孳生高于居民区，边境地区蚊虫密度较高；随着海拔的升高，媒介伊蚊密度逐渐降低，2 000 m以上未发现伊蚊孳生；各县（市、区）的伊蚊孳生容器在居民区主要以水桶、轮胎、废弃罐等为主，特殊场所以轮胎、其他废弃容器等为主。

关键词: 云南省, 主城区, 埃及伊蚊, 白纹伊蚊, 分布

Abstract: Objective To investigate mosquito in Yunnan province, China, as well as the population density, distribution, regional differences, and breeding habits of Aedes aegypti and Ae. albopictus in main urban areas. Methods Breteau index (BI) was used to investigate Aedes in the main urban areas of 129 counties, cities, and districts of Yunnan province, and all water containers in residential areas and special places (including park and green spaces in the urban area, recycling stations, tire collection stations, and hospitals) were checked. Water containers infested with larvae or pupae of Aedes vector were marked as positive, and the larvae in positive containers were collected and morphologically identified. Descriptive statistics was used to describe general information; the Chi-square test was used to investigate the difference in Aedes breeding sites between different areas and ecological environments, and the Chi-square test for trend was used to investigate the association between altitude and mosquito breeding density. Results Among the 129 counties, cities, and districts of Yunnan province, 71 (55.04%) were found to have Aedes vector, among which 68 (52.71%) were found to have Ae. albopictus alone and 3 (2.33%) were found to have both Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus. A total of 37 198 households were investigated, among which 1 068 households were positive for Aedes; a total of 167 206 water containers were found, among which 2 135 were positive, with a mean BI of 5.74, a house index of 2.87%, and a container index (CI) of 1.28%. Special places had significantly higher BI and CI than residential areas (χ²=4 509.220 and 128.591, both P<0.001). Tires were the most common type of water container and accounted for 44.84%, followed by other temporary containers (12.55%) and buckets (13.64%). Tires had the highest positive rate of 1.73%, followed by buckets (1.25%), other temporary containers (1.02%), waste bottles (0.95%), pool (0.59%), other permanent containers (0.56%), and vase (0.48%). In terms of water containers, Dehong Dai and Jingpo autonomous prefecture had the highest positive rate of 8.72% (583/6 689), followed by Honghe Hani and Yi autonomous prefecture (285/10 053, 2.83%), Xishuangbanna Dai autonomous prefecture (124/4 587, 2.70%), Wenshan Zhuang and Miao autonomous prefecture (271/10 662, 2.54%), and Pu'er city (308/12 691, 2.43%). Among the 2 135 positive containers, 1 849 (86.60%) were found to have Ae. albopictus, 251 (11.76%) were found to have Ae. aegypti, and 35 (1.64%) were found to have both Ae. albopictus and Ae. aegypti. The composition of Ae. aegypti was 79.66% in Mengla county, 67.03% in Ruili city, and 34.55% in Jinghong city, and there was a significant difference between them (χ²=28.194, P<0.001). The Chi-square test for trend showed a linear relationship between Aedes breeding rate and altitude (χ²=1 413.993, P<0.001), and Aedes breeding rate gradually decreased with the increase in altitude. Conclusion Ae. albopictus is widely distributed in Yunnan province and Ae. aegypti has become the dominant species in some areas. Special places have a higher breeding rate of Aedes than residential areas, and border regions tend to have a high mosquito density. The density of Aedes vector gradually decreases with the increase in altitude, and no Aedes breeding is observed in the places with an altitude above 2 000 m. Buckets, tires, and waste cans are the main contributors for Aedes breeding in residential areas, while tires and other waste containers are the main contributors for Aedes breeding in special places.

Key words: Yunnan province, Main urban area, Aedes aegypti, Aedes albopictus, Distribution

中图分类号:

R384.1

周克梅, 杨明东, 兰学梅, 郑宇婷, 唐烨榕, 吴超, 姜进勇. 云南省129个县（市、区）主城区登革热媒介伊蚊分布调查[J]. 中国媒介生物学及控制杂志, 2021, 32(2): 150-157.

ZHOU Ke-mei, YANG Ming-dong, LAN Xue-mei, ZHENG Yu-ting, TANG Ye-rong, WU Chao, JIANG Jin-yong. An investigation of the distribution of dengue vector Aedes in the main urban areas of 129 counties (cities, districts) of Yunnan province, China[J]. Chines Journal of Vector Biology and Control, 2021, 32(2): 150-157.

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