关键词: 狂犬病, 暴露, 预防处置

Abstract: Objective To strengthen the construction and management of the outpatient service of rabies in primary hospitals, and to further standardize the prevention and disposal of rabies exposure. Methods The data of rabies exposure in the outpatient service of Jiaxing Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Jiaxing CDC) were collected from 2009 to 2019, and Excel 2007 software was used to perform a retrospective analysis of the data. The problems in the prevention and disposal of rabies exposure were put forward. Results In the outpatient service of Jiaxing CDC, the number of individuals with rabies exposure was increasing year by year, and 66 059 individuals with rabies exposure were received in the past 11 years, with a male/female ratio of 0.93:1. The peak of rabies exposure was in July and August, and 82.50% of the exposed individuals attended the hospital within 24 hours. The rate of combined injection of rabies immunoglobulin increased from 10.02% in 2009 to 63.42% in 2019 among the individuals with grade Ⅲ exposure, and the mean injection rate was 41.91%. There were several problems in the outpatient service of rabies, such as old hardware facilities, insufficient number of full-time medical practitioners, a lack of detailed inquiry information, inadequate informed consent, a lack of standard exposure treatment, low compliance of individuals with exposure, poor transfer mechanism of severe patients, weak information management, and a lack of health education and psychological guidance for individuals with exposure. Conclusion Jiaxing CDC has transformed from the unit undertaking the prevention and disposal of rabies exposure to the unit of the technical management and guidance of primary hospitals. Primary hospitals need to strengthen the infrastructure of the outpatient service of rabies, equip enough qualified full-time medical staffs, improve information construction, and optimize the outpatient service system for rabies.

Key words: Rabies, Exposure, Prevention and disposal