关键词: 蜚蠊, 密度, 种类, 侵害率, 季节消长

Abstract: Objective To investigate the changes in species, density, infestation rate, distribution characteristics, and seasonal fluctuation of urban cockroaches in various regions of Shandong province, China, and to provide a basis for cockroach prevention and patriotic health work. Methods The sticky trap method was used to collect cockroaches. The surveillance sites in various cities were monitored once a month. Restaurants, residential areas, hotels, hospitals, farmers' markets, and supermarkets were selected. Sticky trap papers were placed in the nighttime and collected in the morning, with no less than 10 sheets at each site. The species of cockroaches captured, the number of female and male adults and nymphs, and the number of effective sticky trap papers were recorded. Results A total of 6 935 cockroaches were trapped in 2019, which were identified as 4 species:Blattella germanica, Periplaneta americana, P. japonica, and P. fuliginosa. The mean annual density of cockroaches was 0.56 cockroaches/sheet, of which supermarkets had the highest density (1.73 cockroaches/sheet) and hospitals had the lowest density (0.12 cockroaches/sheet); the dominant species B. germanica accounted for 99.84% of the total cockroaches; the mean annual infestation rate of cockroaches was 4.81%, of which supermarkets had the highest infestation rate (7.74%) and hospitals had the lowest rate (1.63%). The seasonal fluctuation of cockroach density had two peak periods in July and November; the seasonal fluctuation of infestation rate showed a unimodal trend, reaching its peak (7.05%) in July. Conclusion Blattella germanica is the dominant species in urban habitats of Shandong province; cockroach density and invasion rate in supermarkets, farmers' markets, and restaurants are relatively high, with the peak in July and November. Relevant departments should attach great importance to it and take comprehensive control measures to reduce the cockroach density, so as to reduce the invasion of cockroaches to residents' living environment and the risk of spreading diseases.

Key words: Cockroach, Density, Species, Infestation rate, Seasonal fluctuation