关键词: 蜱, 监测, 宿主动物, 生境类型, 季节消长

Abstract: Objective To investigate the density and seasonal fluctuation of ticks captured from human habitats and body surfaces of domestic animals in China, and to provide a basis for the risk assessment and scientific prevention and control of ticks and tick-borne diseases. Methods The surveillance data of ticks were collected from 45 surveillance sites in the national vector surveillance system in China, 2019. The dominant tick species was analyzed, and the density and seasonal fluctuation of ticks were compared between different habitats, hosts, and provinces. Results Among the ticks captured in 2019, Haemaphysalis was the most frequently captured genus; the number of times that parasitic and questing Haemaphysalis were captured accounted for 57.31% and 95.56% of the total catch, respectively. Among various host animals, sheep and cattle had higher tick indices (3.06 and 2.72, respectively), and ticks were also captured from dogs in rural and urban areas. The tick density in surroundings of villages (0.83 ticks/flag·100 m) was higher than that in scenic areas (0.32 ticks/flag·100 m). Among different months of surveillance, the seasonal fluctuation curves of parasitic tick index and questing tick density both showed two peaks; the index of parasitic ticks was high throughout the first half of the year and decreased after July, while the density of questing ticks peaked in June. Conclusion The tick surveillance results in 2019 show that Haemaphysalis is the most frequently captured genus. Sheep and cattle are dominant host animals of those captured ticks, while dogs, as domestic animals in close contact with human beings, should be paid attention to their tick infection. Surroundings of villages are the dominant habitat of ticks. The peak period of tick infestation is found in the first half of the year. Tick prevention and control should be carried out according to the above-mentioned key species, hosts, habitats, and time periods.

Key words: Tick, Surveillance, Host animals, Habitat, Seasonal fluctuation