西安市2015－2018年鼠类监测结果分析

doi:10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2020.03.027

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 目的掌握西安市鼠种构成、鼠密度及消长趋势等情况，为防鼠灭鼠措施的制定提供科学依据。方法 2015-2018年按照西安市地理方位东、南、西、北共选择4个区（县），每个区（县）选择城镇居民区、农村居民区和食品餐饮行业3类生境共5个监测点，奇数月中旬采用夹夜法监测，晚放晨收。鉴定鼠种并计算鼠密度，采用χ²检验对4年间鼠类种群构成和不同生境鼠类种群构成进行统计学分析。结果共捕获鼠类4种397只，平均鼠密度为0.42%，2016年鼠密度最低，为0.27%，2018年最高，为0.58%。优势鼠种为小家鼠，占52.90%。鼠密度季节消长呈不明显的双峰型，小高峰和大高峰分别出现在1和7月，鼠密度分别为0.47%和0.48%，11月鼠密度最低，为0.34%。农村居民区鼠密度最高，为1.08%，城镇居民区最低，为0.24%。不同生境优势鼠种均为小家鼠，鼠种构成差异有统计学意义（χ²=60.875，P<0.001）。城镇居民区鼠密度季节消长变化趋势平稳，农村居民区呈双峰型，食品餐饮行业呈单峰型。小家鼠在不同鼠种中季节消长趋势明显，1和7月为高峰期。结论 2015-2018年西安市鼠密度具有上升趋势；不同年份、不同生境鼠密度、鼠种及季节消长趋势有差异。建议以农村为工作重心制定不同生境的灭鼠防鼠措施，以达到减少鼠传疾病发生目的。

关键词: 鼠密度, 种群构成, 季节消长, 监测

Abstract: Objective To investigate the species composition, density, and seasonal variation of rodents in Xi'an, China, and to provide a scientific basis for formulation of rodent control and deratization measures. Methods Five rodent surveillance sites were selected from urban residential areas, natural villages, and the catering industry in each of the four districts/counties selected according to their geographical location (east, south, west, and north) in Xi'an. Surveillance was performed in the middle of each odd month using the trap-at-night method (i.e., traps were laid at night and recovered at day start). The rodent species were identified, and chi-square test was used for statistical analysis of the species composition of rodents in the four years and in different habitats. Results A total of 397 rodents belonging to 4 species of rodents were captured. The mean rodent density was 0.42% capture rate, lowest in 2016 (0.27%) and highest in 2018 (0.58%). Mus musculus was the dominant species, accounting for 52.90%. The rodent density had an unapparently bimodal seasonal variation, with a minor peak observed in January (0.47%), a major peak in July (0.48%), and a trough in November (0.34%). The rodent density was highest in natural villages (1.08%) and lowest in urban residential areas (0.24%). The dominant rodent species in different habitats was M. musculus, with significant differences in the species composition of rodents (χ²=60.875, P<0.001). The seasonal variation of rodent density was stable in urban residential areas, bimodal in natural villages, and unimodal in the catering industry. Mus musculus showed a clear seasonal variation among different rodent species, with a peak observed in January and July. Conclusion From 2015 to 2018, the mean density of rodents in Xi'an showed an upward trend. The density, species, and seasonal variation of rodents differ in different years and habitats. It is suggested that measures for rodent control and deratization in different habitats should be formulated, with rural areas as the focus of the work, to reduce rodent-borne diseases risk.

Key words: Rodent density, Species composition, Seasonal variation, Surveillance

中图分类号:

S443

李广帅, 庞松涛, 雷晓岗, 薛威, 陈保忠. 西安市2015－2018年鼠类监测结果分析[J]. 中国媒介生物学及控制杂志, 2020, 31(3): 373-375.

LI Guang-shuai, PANG Song-tao, LEI Xiao-gang, XUE Wei, CHEN Bao-zhong. An analysis of the rodent surveillance results in Xi'an, China, 2015-2018[J]. Chines Journal of Vector Biology and Control, 2020, 31(3): 373-375.

参考文献

[1] 中国疾病预防控制中心. 全国病媒生物监测实施方案[Z]. 北京:中国疾病预防控制中心,2016. Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention. National vector surveillance implementation plan[Z]. Beijing:Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention,2016.
[2] 张昌浩,徐庆文,刘景荣,等. 逐步回归分析法预测周宁县肾综合征出血热疫情[J]. 海峡预防医学杂志,2011,17(6):77-78. Zhang CH,Xu QW,Liu JR,et al. Prediction of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome in Zhouning county by stepwise regression analysis[J]. Strait J Prev Med,2011,17(6):77-78.
[3] 常玥,李江麟,王连华,等. 2009-2015年浙江省台州市肾综合征出血热监测研究[J]. 疾病监测,2017,32(9):747-751. DOI:10.3784/j.issn.1003-9961.2017.09.011. Chang Y,Li JL,Wang LH,et al. Surveillance for hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome in Taizhou,Zhejiang,2009-2015[J]. Dis Surveil,2017,32(9):747-751. DOI:10.3784/j.issn.1003-9961.2017.09.011.
[4] 吴彤,毛玲玲. 锦州市肾综合征出血热发病率与鼠带毒指数相关性的研究[J]. 中华卫生杀虫药械,2018,24(1):71-73. DOI:10.19821/j.1671-2781.2018.01.022. Wu T,Mao LL. Correlation between hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome and rodent virus index in Jinzhou[J]. Chin J Hyg Insect Equip,2018,24(1):71-73. DOI:10.19821/j.1671-2781.2018.01.022.
[5] 付仁龙,陈盛恩,夏金连,等. 南昌市安义县2009-2016年肾综合征出血热宿主动物监测结果分析[J]. 中国媒介生物学及控制杂志,2019,30(2):200-202. DOI:10.11853/j.issn. 1003.8280.2019.02.020. Fu RL,Chen SE,Xia JL,et al. An analysis of surveillance results of host animals of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome from 2009 to 2016 in Anyi county,Nanchang,Jiangxi province,China[J]. Chin J Vector Biol Control,2019,30(2):200-202. DOI:10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2019.02.020.
[6] 刘平,陈华,黄铮铮,等. 2015-2017年绵阳市城区鼠类密度监测分析[J]. 预防医学情报杂志,2019,35(5):432-434. Liu P,Chen H,Huang ZZ,et al. Analysis on the rodent density monitoring in urban areas of Mianyang city from 2015 to 2017[J]. J Prev Med Inf,2019,35(5):432-434.
[7] 王计争,许学伟. 滁州市2011-2016年鼠密度监测[J]. 中华卫生杀虫药械,2019,25(2):160-162. DOI:10.19821/j.1671-2781.2019.02.020. Wang JZ,Xu XW. Investigation on rodent density in Chuzhou city from 2011 to 2016[J]. Chin J Hyg Insect Equip,2019,25(2):160-162. DOI:10.19821/j.1671-2781.2019.02.020.
[8] 闫冬明,王玉姣,李贵昌,等. 2016年全国鼠类监测报告[J]. 中国媒介生物学及控制杂志,2019,30(2):123-127. DOI:10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2019.02.002. Yan DM,Wang YJ,Li GC,et al. National vectors surveillance report on rodents in China,2016[J]. Chin J Vector Biol Control,2019,30(2):123-127. DOI:10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2019. 02.002.
[9] 庞松涛,王欣,陈保忠,等. 西安市主要鼠种密度调查研究[J]. 中华卫生杀虫药械,2015,21(3):269-271. DOI:10.19821/j.1671-2781.2015.03.018. Pang ST,Wang X,Chen BZ,et al. Investigation on rodent density in Xi'an city[J]. Chin J Hyg Insect Equip,2015,21(3):269-271. DOI:10.19821/j.1671-2781.2015.03.018.
[10] 郑媛,周步宇,朱妮,等. 陕西省2006-2017年肾综合征出血热流行特征及疫苗接种策略探讨[J]. 中华疾病控制杂志,2018,22(10):1073-1075. DOI:10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2018. 10.022. Zheng Y,Zhou BY,Zhu N,et al. Epidemiological characteristics and the strategy of vaccination on hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome in Shaanxi province,from 2006 to 2017[J]. Chin J Dis Control Prev,2018,22(10):1073-1075. DOI:10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2018.10.022.
[11] 冯茜,唐道洲,李世娥,等. 2013-2017年哈尔滨市肾综合征出血热流行特征分析[J]. 现代预防医学,2019,46(12):2122-2124,2178. Feng Q,Tang DZ,Li SE,et al. Epidemiological characteristics of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome in Harbin from 2013 to 2017[J]. Mod Prev Med,2019,46(12):2122-2124,2178.
[12] 张家勇,丁俊,白玉银,等. 辽宁省2006-2015年鼠类密度及种群结构分析[J]. 中国媒介生物学及控制杂志,2017,28(1):51-55. DOI:10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2017.01.014. Zhang JY,Ding J,Bai YY,et al. Analysis of rodent density and constituent in Liaoning province,China,during 2006-2015[J]. Chin J Vector Biol Control,2017,28(1):51-55. DOI:10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2017.01.014.
[13] 霍锡元,宋明明,孙坚毅,等. 潍坊市2012-2015年鼠密度监测分析[J]. 中华卫生杀虫药械,2016,22(5):483-484. DOI:10.19821/j.1671-2781.2016.05.021. Huo XY,Song MM,Sun JY,et al. Rodent surveillance from 2012 to 2015 in Weifang city[J]. Chin J Hyg Insect Equip,2016,22(5):483-484. DOI:10.19821/j.1671-2781.2016.05.021.
[14] 彭莱,何俊,肖珊,等. 长沙市2006-2015年鼠密度监测分析[J]. 中国媒介生物学及控制杂志,2016,27(6):617-619. DOI:10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2016.06.025. Peng L,He J,Xiao S,et al. Analysis of the rodent density monitoring in Changsha city from 2006 to 2015[J]. Chin J Vector Biol Control,2016,27(6):617-619. DOI:10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2016.06.025.

[1]	刘小波, 岳玉娟, 贾清臣, 赵宁, 郭玉红, 赵春春, 梁莹, 王君, 吴海霞, 刘起勇. 2020－2021年我国12省份媒介伊蚊生态学调查[J]. 中国媒介生物学及控制杂志, 2022, 33(1): 8-15.
[2]	魏超, 马海芳, 廖宁, 熊绮梦. 广西壮族自治区2020－2021年登革热媒介伊蚊密度专项调查结果分析[J]. 中国媒介生物学及控制杂志, 2022, 33(1): 25-29.
[3]	赵春春, 周欣欣, 李文玉, 伦辛畅, 刘小波, 吴海霞, 王君, 刘起勇, 孟凤霞. 2020年中国13省份登革热媒介白纹伊蚊抗药性监测及分析研究[J]. 中国媒介生物学及控制杂志, 2022, 33(1): 30-37.
[4]	郑宇婷, 杨春梅, 杨明东, 姜进勇. 云南边境地区登革热媒介伊蚊生态学及抗药性监测[J]. 中国媒介生物学及控制杂志, 2022, 33(1): 38-43.
[5]	赵鑫, 刘建华, 张皓. 三峡库区宜昌段1997－2020年鼠形动物监测报告[J]. 中国媒介生物学及控制杂志, 2022, 33(1): 67-71.
[6]	王纯玉, 张家勇, 白玉银, 丁俊. 辽宁省2020年主要病媒生物监测结果分析[J]. 中国媒介生物学及控制杂志, 2022, 33(1): 76-82.
[7]	闫青芳, 赵洪林, 姜健康, 杜桂英, 刘淑霞, 宁吉沪, 陈立勇, 王光伟. 山东省聊城市国家级监测点2018－2020年鼠类监测结果分析[J]. 中国媒介生物学及控制杂志, 2022, 33(1): 100-103.
[8]	曹阳, 韦凌娅, 邵汉文, 王慧敏, 孔庆鑫. 2019年杭州市蚊虫监测及生态学特征[J]. 中国媒介生物学及控制杂志, 2021, 32(6): 691-695.
[9]	樊金星, 张叶, 岳思宁, 赵奇, 刘吉起. 河南省2020年蝇类监测结果分析[J]. 中国媒介生物学及控制杂志, 2021, 32(6): 696-699.
[10]	罗兴, 刘艳春, 贾永朝. 四川省广元市2018－2020年登革热媒介伊蚊生态学特征分析[J]. 中国媒介生物学及控制杂志, 2021, 32(6): 705-709.
[11]	李希尚, 蔡文斌, 杨雁鸣, 董祖平, 王兴娟, 杨东海, 王加志, 尹授钦, 李胜国. 云南省腾冲市2015－2020年鼠疫监测结果分析[J]. 中国媒介生物学及控制杂志, 2021, 32(6): 710-714.
[12]	孙钦同, 韩英男, 刘言, 赖世宏, 王学军, 康殿民. 应用自回归移动平均（ARIMA）模型预测山东省鼠密度趋势[J]. 中国媒介生物学及控制杂志, 2021, 32(6): 744-748.
[13]	张家林, 黄发源. 安徽省2015－2019年登革热媒介伊蚊监测结果分析[J]. 中国媒介生物学及控制杂志, 2021, 32(5): 582-585.
[14]	司晓艳, 白国辉, 宋利桃, 师婷, 南晓伟, 陈继来, 张忠兵, 高雨龙, 贺蕊霞, 郭惠敏. 内蒙古自治区人居环境2017－2019年鼠类监测数据分析[J]. 中国媒介生物学及控制杂志, 2021, 32(5): 586-589.
[15]	吴瑜燕, 侯娟, 王金娜, 刘钦梅, 李天奇, 龚震宇. 浙江省2016－2019年蝇类密度及季节消长分析[J]. 中国媒介生物学及控制杂志, 2021, 32(4): 451-455.