关键词: 鼠类, 监测, 鼠种构成及密度, 不同生境, 季节消长, 防控措施

Abstract: Objective To investigate the common species, density, and seasonality of rodents in human settlements and the surrounding environment in Shandong province, China, and to provide a scientific basis for assessing the risk of rodent-borne diseases and for preventing and controlling rodents effectively. Methods The data of rodents from the national vector surveillance sites in Shandong province from 2010 to 2018 were collected and sorted out, the constituent ratio of rodent species was analyzed, and the rodent density and its seasonality characteristics were compared between rodents of different species and from different habitats. Results A total of 1 374 rodents were captured from 2010 to 2018, and the total density of rodents was 0.82% trap capture rate. Among the captured rodents, the constituent ratios of Rattus norvegicus, Mus musculus, and Apodemus agrarius were 48.84%, 40.68%, and 7.79%, respectively, and their densities were 0.40%, 0.33%, and 0.06%, respectively. Rattus norvegicus was the dominant species, followed by M. musculus. The rodent densities in rural residential areas, key industries, and urban residential areas were 1.16%, 0.74%, and 0.58%, respectively. The density of R. norvegicus was highest in rural residential areas and urban residential areas (0.42% and 0.35%), while the density of M. musculus was highest in key industries (0.56%). The seasonality of total density showed an atypical bimodal curve, with the peaks appearing from April to June and September to October. Apart from a slight increase in 2012, the total density of each rodent species remained stable with a slight decline in other years. The seasonality curves of rodent density in different species, habitats, and years were similar to the total density curve. Conclusion Rattus norvegicus and M. musculus are dominant rodent species in human settlements and the surrounding environment in Shandong province. The rodent density at surveillance sites in the whole province showed an overall downward trend from 2010 to 2018. May to June and September to October each year is the peak of rodent activity, and the rodent density was relatively high in rural residential areas and key industries. Rodent control in peak periods of rodent activity and in active habitats should be strengthened.

Key words: Rodent, Surveillance, Composition and density of rodent species, Different habitats, Seasonal fluctuation, Control measures