关键词: 蚊, 蝇, 农村, 综合防制, 防制策略

Abstract: Objective To investigate the strategies for vector control in rural areas by investigating the harm of mosquitoes and flies, developing integrated control measures, and reducing the densities of mosquitoes and flies in Chejiahe village in Qianyou town of Zhashui county in Shangluo of Shaanxi province, China. Methods A questionnaire survey was performed to investigate the knowledge about the prevention and control of mosquitoes and flies and the formation of control behaviors among villagers. Visual observation method, cage trapping method, sticky trap method, light-trap method, human-luring method, and larvae pipette method were used to investigate the breeding of the larvae of mosquitoes and flies and the density of adult mosquitoes and flies. Integrated control measures, including propaganda and education, breeding site treatment, physical control, and chemical control, were adopted, and the effect of these measures was evaluated. Results The daily life of the rural residents was seriously disturbed by mosquitoes and flies, and they often lacked the knowledge of the prevention and control of mosquitoes and flies. The main breeding sites of flies included septic tanks of aqua privies, livestock houses, scattered domestic waste, and garbage cans, with the highest number in septic tanks of aqua privies (42.53%) and the highest breeding positive rate in septic tanks (89.19%). The main breeding sites of mosquitoes included idle containers (bottles, cans, and barrels), waste tires, and water tanks, among which idle containers had the highest number of 76.86% and the highest 100-household index of 142.11, and waste tires had the highest container index of 95.65%. As for the treatment group, on day 1 of control, the reduction rate of the absolute density of flies ranged from 16.25% to 66.70%, while the reduction rate of the relative density of flies ranged from -52.64% and 69.12%; the reduction rate of the absolute density of mosquitoes ranged from 51.50% to 83.78%, while the reduction rate of the relative density of mosquitoes ranged from 62.07% to 87.77%. On day 10 of control, the reduction rate of the absolute density of flies ranged from 6.67% to 60.00%, while the reduction rate of the relative density of flies ranged from -105.33% to 48.50%; the reduction rate of the absolute density of mosquitoes ranged from 32.71% to 93.07%, while the reduction rate of the relative density of mosquitoes ranged from 76.51% to 93.36%. Conclusion These integrated control measures can effectively control the density of mosquitoes and flies. At present, vector control in rural areas should be enhanced by increasing the budget, improving facilities, and establishing systems and standards, so as to improve the awareness of vector control among rural residents and establish the long-term mechanism for vector control in rural areas.

Key words: Mosquito, Fly, Rural area, Integrated vector management, Control strategy