灭钉螺药物作用机制的研究进展

doi:10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2019.03.032

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

湖北钉螺是日本血吸虫的唯一中间寄主，药物灭螺是控制血吸虫病传播的有效手段。现有研究结果表明，药物灭螺机制主要包括：（1）通过影响钉螺体内乙酰胆碱酯酶、一氧化氮合酶等调控神经信号转导和传递的关键酶活性，进而使得钉螺的神经系统功能失调而致死。（2）通过影响琥珀酸脱氢酶、乳酸脱氢酶等与糖代谢和能量供应过程相关的酶活性，使钉螺体内能量代谢途径发生紊乱，最终造成钉螺死亡。（3）通过影响转氨酶、磷酸酶、酯酶同工酶等与肝脏解毒功能相关的酶活性，使肝脏防御系统瘫痪甚至肝脏衰竭，造成钉螺中毒死亡。该文主要从灭螺药物对钉螺肝脏等重要器官的超微结构及其中多种关键酶酶活性两方面的影响出发，系统阐述灭螺药物对钉螺的作用机制，以期为新型灭螺药物的研发提供参考。

关键词: 湖北钉螺, 灭螺药物, 细胞信号传导系统, 结构变化, 酶活性变化

Abstract:

Oncomelania hupensis is the only intermediate host of Schistosoma japonicum, and chemical control of the snails is an effective means to control the spread of schistosomiasis. Current research findings have shown that the mechanism of chemical control of the snails mainly includes the following aspects:(1) to cause nervous system dysfunction in O. hupensis by affecting the activities of key enzymes involved in nerve signal transduction and transmission, including acetylcholinesterase and nitric oxide synthase, thus leading to death; (2) to cause disorders in energy metabolic pathways in O. hupensis by affecting the activities of enzymes involved in glucose metabolism and energy supply, including succinodehydrogenase and lactate dehydrogenase, thus leading to death; (3) to cause disorders in the liver defense system and even liver failure by affecting the activities of enzymes involved in liver detoxification function, including aminotransferases, phosphatase, and esterase isozyme, thus leading to poisoning and death. With a focus on the influence of molluscicides on the ultrastructure of vital organs including the liver and the activities of various key enzymes, this article elaborates on the mechanism of action of molluscicides in eliminating Oncomelania snails, in order to provide a reference for research and development of new molluscicides.

Key words: Oncomelania hupensis, Molluscicides, Cell signaling system, Structural change, Change in enzyme activity

中图分类号:

吴建华, 刘美红, 李帅岚, 邹峥嵘. 灭钉螺药物作用机制的研究进展[J]. 中国媒介生物学及控制杂志, 2019, 30(3): 356-360.

WU Jian-hua, LIU Mei-hong, LI Shuai-lan, ZOU Zheng-rong. Research advances in the mechanism of action of molluscicides in eliminating Oncomelania snails[J]. Chines Journal of Vector Biology and Control, 2019, 30(3): 356-360.

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