关键词: 动物致伤, 狂犬病暴露, 流行病学, 风险评估, 防控对策

Abstract: Objective To understand the current situation of rabies incidence and exposure in Shunyi district of Beijing,and evaluate the risk of rabies, discuss the prevention and control strategy of rabies, and provide scientific evidences for prevention and control measures against rabies for the residents. Methods Retrospective the history of rabies incidence data since beginning of the records in Shunyi district, epidemiological analysis was carried out on the surveillance data on populations exposed to rabies in rabies immune prevention clinics during 2002-2016 and cases of single dog causing many injuries during 2010-2016. Results A total of 26 cases of rabies were reported in Shunyi district during 1960-2016,including 6 cases during 2010-2016; animal-wounded cases were 124 019 from 2002 to 2016, the ratio male cases to female ones was 1.26:1, and the male cases were higher than female ones (χ²=228.450,P<0.05). There was an obvious seasonal peak in summer, 54 665 cases (44.10%) occurred during May to August. Lower limbs and hands were most vulnerable to be bitten, which was 100 955 cases (81.40%). The majority of the injured were middle-aged and young, accounting for 51.13%, workers and peasants (32.68%) accounted for the most, followed by staff (30.91%). More than 75% of cases were caused by dogs, and only 35.58% of which the owner can be found have been vaccinated against rabies within one year. A total of 49 356 cases (50.08%) of rabies-exposed people were grade Ⅲ exposure during 2008-2016, while there were 8 432 cases (17.08%) of which received passive immunization. The rate of passive immunity remained low, only reaching 32.56% in 2009 but 20% in other years. During 2010-2016, 20 cases of single dog causing many injuries were reported, among which 44 people from 8 occurrences were followed for the whole course of vaccination, and accounted for 90.91%. Conclusion Dogs should be managed strictly and vaccinated in a timely manner. Popularizing the knowledge of rabies prevention and control and promptly disposing of rabies exposure in accordance with standards are critically important. It is suggested to add clinics of secondary hospital or above to treat the wounds, to establish surveillance mechanism for full vaccination of rabies. It is suggested that the government should further incorporate the cost of medical treatment for the injured personnel into the scope of the NCMS and the urban medical insurance. Long-term monitoring mechanism for animal rabies should be established. Collaborative efforts are needed among health, police department, animals supervising agencies and other members of dog management.

Key words: Animals attacking, Exposure to rabies, Epidemiology, Risk assessment, Prevention and control measures