关键词: 沿海滩涂, 病媒生物, 种群分布, 季节消长, 致病性

Abstract:

Objective To provide a reference for the monitoring, early warning and prevention and control of vector borne diseases, by researching the population distribution and density fluctuation of vectors and their significance in vector-borne diseases and by summarizing the temporal-spatial distribution characteristics of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS), Scrub Typhus and intestinal infectious diseases for coastal beach area of Yancheng city. Methods To collect and process network-based report data of HFRS, Scrub Typhus and intestinal infectious diseases, human population information in the coastal beach area of Yancheng city; the vector population distribution, density fluctuation were monitored in coastal beach area from 2011 April to 2013 December. The pathogen were detected with fluorescent quantitative RT-PCR and RT-PCR in small mammal tissues and their ectoparasites, mosquitoes and ticks. All data was analyzed by Excel 2003 and SPSS 16.0. Results (1) The rodent density was 3.60%, it was higher than that of the coastal areas of Jiangsu province and the rodent density in Jiangsu province. The rodent density in the field is higher than that of town (residential area). The rodent density appeared two peaks in winter and summer at 2011-2013, the winter peak was in January and the summer peak during May to August. Apodemus agrarius was the predominant species in the coastal area, the constituent ratio of 89.19%. (2) The mosquito densities (per light-trap hour) was 0.51. There was a peak of the mosquito density from May to October every year. The predominant species was Culex pipiens pallens which constituent ratio was 88.84%. (3) The fly densities (per cage) was 46.57. The predominant species were Chrysomyia megacephala, Musca domestica which constituent ratio were 45.17%, 25.70% respectively. (4) The cockroach's densities (per net) was 0.01, and the infestation rate was 0.30%. The predominant species was Blattella germanica. The tick index of Hedgehog was 7.75, and the density of free tick (per flag-hour) was 37.00. In the emergency monitoring at August 2015, the density of the tick (per flag-hour) was 0.25, the tick index of parasitic ticks in sheep, dog, hedgehogs, and weasel were 1.80, 0.02, 8.33, 10.00 respectively. Capture ticks are Haema-physalis longicornis, The Gamasid index was 0.26, and the Chigger index was 0.24 in Ap. agrarius surface. (5) The incidence of intestinal infectious diseases, Scrub Typhus were intermittent gradually increased, and HFRS increased sharply in 2010-2014. There was the winter peak of HFRS, the highest incidence in December, and the autumn peak of Scrub typhus in November. There were two peaks of intestinal infectious diseases in May and November. Two SFTS epidemic occurred for the first time in Dongtai area in 2015, and related to the history of fishing in the coastal beach and a clear history of tick bites. (6) In small mammal tissues, SFTS total antibody was positive only in 1 of hedgehog serum, and SFTSV nucleic acid was positive in the capture of free ticks. However, Hantavirus, Rickettsial and other pathogens were negative. Conclusion There were vectors such as rodents, mosquitoes, flies, cockroaches, ticks, fleas, and mites in Yancheng city coastal areas, and posed risk of vector borne diseases, which occurred from time to time. It should take effective measures to prevent and control outbreak.

Key words: arenavirus, Consensus-degenerate hybrid oligonucleotide primer, Real-time PCR