普氏野马野化和圈养种群马胃蝇蛆病调查分析

doi:10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2016.03.008

中国媒介生物学及控制杂志 ›› 2016, Vol. 27 ›› Issue (3): 244-247.DOI: 10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2016.03.008

普氏野马野化和圈养种群马胃蝇蛆病调查分析

张博茹¹, 张肖钰², 张玲², 贺雷³, 王臣⁴, 王振山⁴, 张东¹, 李凯¹

1 北京林业大学自然保护区学院, 北京 100083;
2 北京市第十四中学, 北京 100055;
3 新疆阿勒泰林业局, 新疆阿勒泰 836599;
4 新疆普氏野马繁殖研究中心, 乌鲁木齐 830000

收稿日期:2016-01-06 出版日期:2016-06-20 发布日期:2016-06-20
通讯作者: 李凯,Email:likai_sino@sina.com
作者简介:张博茹,女,在读硕士,主要从事濒危物种寄生虫研究,Email:506612362@qq.com;张肖钰,男,北京市第十四中学学生,Email:1610602210@qq.com
基金资助:
北京市基础教育阶段创新人才培养项目(2015HXFWBHQ); 教育部新世纪优秀人才支持计划(NCET-12-0783); 中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助(JC2015-04); 国家林业局野生动植物保护与自然保护区管理司年度项目(2015-123)

Analysis of annual horse gastrointestinal myiasis occurrence in wild and captive populations of Equus przewalskii

ZHANG Bo-ru¹, ZHANG Xiao-yu², ZHANG Ling², HE Lei³, WANG Chen⁴, WANG Zhen-shan⁴, ZHANG Dong¹, LI Kai¹

1 College of Nature Conversation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China;
2 Beijing No. 14 Middle School;
3 Forestry Bureau of Altay Prefecture;
4 Xinjiang Research Center for Breeding Przewalski's Horse

Received:2016-01-06 Online:2016-06-20 Published:2016-06-20
Supported by:
Supported by the Innovative Talents of Elementary Education in Beijing (No. 2015HXFWBHQ), the Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University of Ministry of Education of China (No. NCET-12-0783), the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (No. JC2015-04) and the Project of Department for Wildlife and Forest Plants Protection, SFA of China (No. 2015-123)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的对普氏野马野化种群和圈养种群进行驱虫,研究不同生存条件下普氏野马感染马胃蝇的多样性和感染特点。方法于2015年1月进行野马驱虫保健工作,对野马群驱虫采用随机抽样、对野马个体采用全程采集粪便中的马胃蝇幼虫。结果保护区内野马在排虫高峰期粪便平均排虫(140.8±62.8)只/堆,同期野马中心圈养野马平均排虫(1.8±0.9)只/堆,两者差异有统计学意义(u=-4.997,P=0.000),显示野马中心周边的马科动物隔离区和专供饲草可有效降低马胃蝇蛆病的感染;于保护区内采集马胃蝇5 357只,经鉴定为黑腹胃蝇、鼻胃蝇、黑角胃蝇、肠胃蝇和红尾胃蝇,其中黑腹胃蝇(96.84%)为优势种;野马中心采集马胃蝇83只,鉴定为肠胃蝇、红尾胃蝇、鼻胃蝇、黑角胃蝇和裸节胃蝇,肠胃蝇(48.19%)为优势种,红尾胃蝇(39.76%)次之,在野马中心未发现黑腹胃蝇,说明其基于食草的传播链被切断,两者物种构成存在差异;马胃蝇多样性指数和均匀度显示不同生存条件下野马感染马胃蝇的多样性差异明显,保护区马胃蝇区系处于极端状态。结论同处于准噶尔盆地的保护区和野马中心,野马生活环境的异质性使马胃蝇感染特点分明,黑腹胃蝇在干旱荒漠草原有极强的适应性。

关键词: 普氏野马, 马胃蝇, 马胃蝇蛆病, 感染, 多样性

Abstract:

Objective A parasitological survey was conducted in wild and captive populations of Equus przewalskii with treatment of antiparasitics to investigate the infection, diversity and parasitic characteristics of Gasterophilus spp. in E. przewalskii which lives in different conditions. Methods Gasterophilus spp. larvae were collected and counted from the random fecal samples of E. przewalskii populations and all the fecal samples of E. przewalskii individuals after antiparasitic treatment in January 2015. Results There was a statistically significant difference in the mean number of Gasterophilus spp. larvae at the peak of larvae expelled between wild and captive populations (140.8±62.8 and 1.8±0.9, respectively) (u=-4.997, P=0.000). Larval burdens of captive population were reduced by establishing isolated zone and providing special forage grasses. A total of 5 357 larvae were collected from wild population, which were identified as the following 5 species of Gasterophilus spp.: G. pecorum, G. nasalis, G. nigricornis, G. intestinalis and G. haemorrhoidalis. Gasterophilus pecorum (96.84%) was the predominant species in the wild population. In total 83 larvae were collected from captive population, and 5 species of Gasterophilus spp. were identified as follows: G. intestinalis, G. haemorrhoidalis, G. nasalis, G. nigricornis, and G. inermis. The prevailing species were G. intestinalis (48.19%) and G. haemorrhoidalis (39.76%). There was an obvious difference between wild and captive population in species composition of Gasterophilus. Shannon-Wiener index of Gasterophilus spp. was 1.07 in the captive population, significantly higher than the wild one(0.17). The evenness index of Gasterophilus spp. was higher in the captive population (0.66) similarly, while it was 0.10 in the wild population. The results shown a striking difference of Gasterophilus spp. diversity between wild and captive populations, while the latter was rigorous infected by horse gastrointestinal myiasis. Gasterophilus pecorum was the predominant species in the wild population while it was absent in the captive population, which indicated that unique transmission cycle with grass was intyerrupted. Conclusion Equus przewalskii populations in different living environments have distinctly different infective charsacteristics of Gasterophilus spp., G. pecorum has extremely strong adaptability to the desert steppe.

Key words: Equus przewalskii, Gasterophilus spp., Horse gastrointestinal myiasis, Infection, Diversity

中图分类号:

R384.1

张博茹, 张肖钰, 张玲, 贺雷, 王臣, 王振山, 张东, 李凯. 普氏野马野化和圈养种群马胃蝇蛆病调查分析[J]. 中国媒介生物学及控制杂志, 2016, 27(3): 244-247.

ZHANG Bo-ru, ZHANG Xiao-yu, ZHANG Ling, HE Lei, WANG Chen, WANG Zhen-shan, ZHANG Dong, LI Kai. Analysis of annual horse gastrointestinal myiasis occurrence in wild and captive populations of Equus przewalskii[J]. Chines Journal of Vector Biology and Control, 2016, 27(3): 244-247.

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普氏野马野化和圈养种群马胃蝇蛆病调查分析

Analysis of annual horse gastrointestinal myiasis occurrence in wild and captive populations of Equus przewalskii

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