关键词: 疟疾, 发病率, 消除疟疾行动, 云南省

Abstract: Objective To analyze the epidemiological data of malaria from 2001 to 2010 in Yunnan province, China, and to provide a reference for malaria elimination in Yunnan. Methods The epidemiological data of malaria reported from 2001 to 2010 were collected and statistically analyzed using Microsoft Excel 2003 and ArcView GIS 3.3. Results There were 93 745 malaria cases and 226 deaths reported in the 129 counties, districts, or county-level cities of 16 prefectures or cities in Yunnan from 2001 to 2010, with vivax malaria cases accounting for 72.76% of all malaria cases, and deaths due to falciparum malaria accounting for 84.07% of all deaths. Local malaria cases and deaths made up 96.02% (90 011/93 745) and 89.82% (203/226) of all cases and deaths reported in Yunnan, and more than 90% of malaria cases were distributed in the border prefectures or cities. The fatality rate was 2.7 times as high for the cases from other provinces and countries compared with local cases in Yunnan. The average annual incidence, mortality, and fatality in 2006-2010 were decreased by 59.20%, 73.66%, and 35.45%, respectively, as compared with those in 2001-2005. Malaria cases were seen in all counties and in all months. There were 2 peaks periods of malaria incidence: May to August and October to November. Among the top 10 counties, districts, or county-level cities in terms of the case number and average annual incidence from 2001-2010, 8 were first-level border counties, and 2 (Longyang district and Lianghe county) were second-level border counties. From 2001 to 2005, there were 47 counties with an annual incidence of malaria above one per ten thousand, covering 29.24% of the total population in Yunnan, and the cases in these counties accounted for 95.07% of all cases in Yunnan; from 2006 to 2010, there were 32 counties with an annual incidence of malaria above one per ten thousand, covering 19.42% of the total population in Yunnan, and the cases in these counties accounted for 90.55% of all cases in Yunnan. The proportion of falciparum malaria was between 18.29%-25.75% each year, and the number of counties, districts, or county-level cities where falciparum malaria cases were reported and the number of falciparum malaria cases were increased from 2001 to 2005, but were decreased from 2006 to 2010. Conclusion The prevalence of malaria in Yunnan has declined since 2006. Preventive measures should be taken mostly in the counties, districts, or county-level cities with an annual incidence of malaria above one per ten thousand to effectively control malaria in Yunnan. For other regions where malaria cases make up a small proportion of all cases, surveillance still should be enhanced due to their large area and population.

Key words: Malaria, Incidence, Malaria elimination, Yunnan province