关键词: 中缅边境, 疟疾, 流行特征

Abstract: Objective To get an insight into the epidemiological characteristics of malaria in the foci in the upper reaches of the China-Myanmar border, providing reference data for the control of malaria among inbound and outbound personnel. Methods The incidence of malaria was evaluated based on the number of malaria cases reported by the clinics located by the Health Unlimited in the second special administrative region of Kachin State of Myanmar, and statistical analysis was done on the epidemic status of malaria, the species of the infectious agents, vector features, health services, villagers’conventions of life, production and culture in different malaria foci according to the data collected in the field investigations. Results The incidence of malaria was 513.01 per ten thousand in the surveillance sites in the second special region of Kachin State of Myanmar from Dec. 1, 2008 to Nov. 30, 2009. Plasmodium falciparum was the main species of infectious agents, accounting for 75.30%(1067/ 1417), followed by P. vivax (23.85%, 338/1417), P. malaria (0.14%, 2/1417) and polyinfection of P. falciparum plus P. vivax (0.71%, 10/1417). The malaria foci were classified into 3 categories, including highly, moderately and mildly epidemic villages according to the extent to which malaria was prevalent in the villages. Kezhang village, Maishaba village and Zhatuguang village were in turn the highly, moderately and mildly epidemic villages, which were 24.30, 10.20 and 0.50 kilometers, from China- Myanmar border, respectively. The malaria parasite rate was as high as 14.14%(28/198) in Kezhang village the highly epidemic focus village where P. falciparum accounted for 67.86%(19/28), being the major pathogen for severe malaria. Anopheles dirus discovered in the local forest of China border was a highly energetic vector of malaria for people in field operations. The malaria morbidity rate and falciparum malaria were both 100% for the 21 migrant workers working in the second special region of Kachin State of Myanmar, who came from Yuanjiang county of Yunnan province of China. They were typical cases of malaria infection among outbound people. The local villagers were not aware of the importance of controlling mosquitoes and the medical service was still at a low level. Conclusion The second special region of Kachin State of Myanmar was the main focus of malaria infection for migrant workers in the China-Myanmar border.

Key words: China-Myanmar border, Malaria, Epidemic features