关键词: 蓖麻, 蓖麻毒蛋白, 生物鼠药, 小白鼠, 引诱剂

Abstract:

Objective　To develop environment-friendly ricin-based rodenticides and determine their effects. Methods　Methods for extracting ricin from castor seeds were examined. Ricin-based agents were combined with different baits and attractants according to the food consumption behaviors of mice. Their effects were then compared in terms of formula, shape and size. Results　Rodenticides with rice flour and glutinous rice flour baits were attractive to mice, and the effects were statistically similar. Baits of glucose and peanut powder were strong attractants, while formulations with black sesame powder were ineffective; the associated feeding coefficients were 7.40±0.70, 2.96±0.03 and 1.10±0.01, respectively. Mice appear to be indifferent to bait shape, as their consumption of cubicle, spherical and cylindrical baits were statistically similar. However, differences were shown in the consumption of baits of different sizes. Baits 8 to 9 mm in diameter were most preferable with a consumption rate of 40.08%±0.80%. Rodenticides using ricin extracted from degreased seeds with petroleum ether, ethyl acetate and chloroform were refused by subjects. In contrast, ricin extracted with normal saline solution yielded a favorable response. Bait containing ricin at 0.91%, 0.71% and 0.53%, resulted in an average death time of 37.17 h±7.41 h, 68.00 h±18.07 h and 82.17 h±14.30 h, respectively. Conclusion　The most effective rodenticide studied was composed of ricin extracted from degreased seeds with normal saline, rice flour/glutinous rice flour, contained a glucose attractant (mass fraction 3%), and had a diameter of 8 to 9 mm.

Key words: Castor, Ricin, Biological rodenticide, White mice, Attractant