云南省临沧市居民区蚊类多样性的调查

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的调查和了解云南省临沧市居民区蚊类区系分布、物种多样性及其相互关系。方法以临沧市耿马、沧源、镇康、永德、云县5个县中13个乡(镇)(海拔563～2038 m)的居民区为调查点，采用灯诱法对夜间活动的成蚊进行通宵调查取样，对所捕蚊进行分类、计数和统计分析。结果共捕获蚊类29 621只，隶属2亚科6属49种，其中库蚊属15种，按蚊属17种，伊蚊属10种，阿蚊属4种，曼蚊属2种，轲蚊属1种。所获蚊类中，三带喙库蚊(占69.17%)和中华按蚊(占19.47%)不仅为数量上的优势种，且分布最广；其余47种蚊虫数量(合计占11.36%)相对较少和分布相对较窄。统计结果显示，以云县物种多样性指数(2.2808)和均匀度指数(0.7000)最高，而优势种三带喙库蚊数量构成比(29.47%)最低和蚊类密度〔287.10只/(灯·晚)〕较低；与此相反，耿马县蚊类的物种多样性(0.4096)和均匀度指数(0.1229)最低，而三带喙库蚊数量构成比(91.53%)和蚊类密度〔1435.70只/(灯·晚)〕为最高。该结果显示，蚊类物种多样性及均匀度与蚊类密度和优势种多度呈负相关关系，而蚊类密度与优势种多度呈明显正相关关系。结论三带喙库蚊和中华按蚊为当地居民区的优势蚊种，它们不仅数量多且分布广泛。三带喙库蚊的多度主导了当地蚊类密度和物种多样性的变化趋势。

关键词: 蚊类, 物种多样性, 物种多度, 居民区

Abstract:

Objective To identify the faunal distribution and species diversity of mosquitoes and their relationship in the residential areas of Lincang city, Yunnan province. Methods The survey was conducted in the residential areas of 13 villages (towns) of the 5 counties in Lincang: Gengma, Cangyuan, Zhenkang, Yongde and Yunxian (563-2038 m above sea level). Light traps were used to capture nocturnally active adult mosquitoes overnight. The collected insects were classified, counted and statistically analyzed. Results A total of 29 621 mosquitoes were captured, belonging to 49 species in 6 genera of 2 subfamilies, including 15 species of the genera Culex, 17 species of the genera Anopheles, 10 species of the genera Aedes, 4 species of the genera Armigeres, 2 species of the genera Mansonia and 1 species of the genera Coquillettidia. Among these mosquitoes, Cx. tritaeniorhynchus (69.17%) and An. sinensis (19.47%) were not the dominant species in terms of their counts but also the most widely distributed. The other 47 species (which together accounted for 11.36%) were relatively fewer with a narrower distribution. The statistics showed that the species diversity index (2.2808) and evenness index (0.7000) were highest in Yunxian, where the constituent ratio (29.47%) of the dominant species, Cx. tritaeniorhynchus, and the mosquito density (287.10 per trap·night) were the lowest. In contrast, Gengma county had the lowest mosquito species diversity (0.4096) and evenness index (0.1229), despite the highest constituent ratio (91.53%) of Cx. tritaeniorhynchus and mosquito density (1435.70 per trap·night). This suggested that the mosquito species diversity and evenness were negatively correlated with the mosquito density and abundance of dominant species, while the mosquito density was significantly positively correlated with the abundance of dominant species. Conclusion Featuring large number and wide distribution, Cx. tritaeniorhynchus and An. sinensis are the dominant species in the local residential areas. The abundance of Cx. tritaeniorhynchus led the changing trends of the local mosquito density and species diversity.

Key words: Mosquito, Species diversity, Species abundance, Residential area

中图分类号:

R384.1

李华昌，杨贵荣，史爱军，吴少波，龚正达. 云南省临沧市居民区蚊类多样性的调查[J]. 中国媒介生物学及控制杂志, 2010, 21(5): 427-431.

LI Hua-chang, YANG Gui-rong, SHI Ai-jun, WU Shao-bo, GONG Zheng-da. Study of mosquito species diversity in residential areas of Lincang city[J]. Chines Journal of Vector Biology and Control, 2010, 21(5): 427-431.

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