关键词: 流行性乙型脑炎, 流行病学, 监测

Abstract: Objective To investigate the epidemic tendency of Japanese encephalitis(JE) in Kaijiang county, Sichuan province using the information of epidemiology in 2006, so as to provide basic information for JE prevention and control. Methods All of the 31 cases of JE in Kaijing county were interviewed individually by questionnaire on epidemiology and vaccine inoculation rate in 2006. The blood serum of the JE cases in early stage was collected, that of 9 years old healthy children were collected in May, and that of pigs were collected in each 10 days from June to July. All blood serums were tested by ELISA method. Results The total reported cases of JE were 31 in 2006, with incidence rate of 5.49/100 000. The incidence rate in flat area (6.98 per 100 000) was higher than that of hilly area (2.61 per 100 000) (χ²=4.41,P<0.05), the cases were intravenous drip distributed. There were more cases in the last ten days of July and the first 10 days of August, with incidence rate of 54.84% and of 29.03%, respectively. The results showed that boy incidence was more than that of girl (2.88∶1). The patients who were under 3 years old accounted for 70.97% of total. 60.00% of the total cases lived in unsanitary conditions, although 86.67% of them using mosquito net at night. The knowing rate of JE cases guarders on JE prevention and control knowledge was only 13.33%, the immunized ones with JE vaccine accounting for 6.45%, the sequelae rate of JE cases for 19.35%(6/31). About 4783.74 Yuan RMB were needed for each case in clinic and in hospital averagely. JE vaccine immunization rate of the 1-7 years old children accounting for 46.74% (79/169). On clinical, the light and the medium were respectively 41.94% and 38.71%. The positive rate of serum antibody in 2-9 years old healthy children was 63.77%(88/138), of which that of 2 years old children (33.33%) was lower than that of 3-9 years old children, but the difference was of no statistics significance (χ²=11.14,P>0.05). The peak of antibody positive rate of pigs was in the second 10 days of June, and the difference of antibody positive rate in every 10 days in June and July was of no statistics significance (χ²=6.30,P>0.05). The clinical serum diagnosed rate of JE cases was 80.64%(25/31). Conclusion Strengthening propaganda of JE prevention and control knowledge in rural area, increasing JE vaccine immunization rate of children under 7 years old, successfully prevention and control vector mosquitoes for JE will be a good strategy of JE prevention and control in Kaijiang county.