关键词: 蜱类, 群落组成, 分布, 塔里木盆地, 新疆

Abstract: Objective To grasp community constitution and the distribution pattern of ticks in the Tarim Basin.Methods According to the geographical division and habitat type the survey site was selected,the species and quantity of ticks were investigated.With the technique and method of community ecology,the community constitution of ticks in different environments were calculated.Results There were total 9 species of 5 genera of ticks captured in the Basin.Hyalomma asiaticum asiaticum and Hyalomma asiaticum kozlovi were the dominant species in the area,accounting for(35.8%) and(33.6%),respectively.The community constitution of ticks was different in different areas and environments.In Yarkant River valley and middle and upper reaches of northern Tarim River,the tick was rich in species,and there were total 8 species of 5 genera of ticks captured in this area.The index of free ticks 30.47 was lower than that in southern(84.30) and eastern Tarim(85.31),but the index of parasitic ticks was higher(15.19),while the latters were(10.10) and(10.85),respectively.Hyalomma asiaticum kozlovi was the dominant species of Hyalomma,it was(92.0%),and with less proportion of Hyalomma asiaticum((5.8%)).As for the parasitic tick,Rhipicephalus turanicus was the dominant species,but less than that in southern and eastern Tarim,accounting for(55.8%),(65.8%) and(74.7%),respectivelty and Rhipicephalus sanguineus accounted for little part,and was(0.2%).In the southern Tarim Basin the community constitution of ticks was identical to that in the eastern Basin,but the species was less than that in the northwest,there were 5 species of 2 genera.The index of free ticks was obviously higher than that in the northwest and with lower index of parasitic ticks.Of the free tick,Hyalomma asiaticum asiaticum was the dominant species in the southern part while Hyalomma asiaticum kozlovi was the dominant species in the eastern part.Both of them accounted for about 66.9% and about 25% was overlapped. Among the parasitic ticks,Rhipicephalus turanicus was the dominant species and its proportion was higher than that in the northwest.The proportion of Rhipicephalus sanguineus reached about 10%,which was identical to Dermacentor niveus.It was about 20 times higher than that in the northwest.Conclusion The geographical fauna of ticks in Tarim Basin was consistent in macrocosm on the whole,but there is much different in communities structure of ticks in various geographical landscape and ecological environment.