20 October 2022, Volume 33 Issue 5
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    All for the People's Health:Our Decade
  • Advances and achievements in the surveillance and control of vectors and vector-borne diseases in China,2012-2021
    LIU Qi-yong, LIU Xiao-bo, CHANG Nan, ZHANG Lu
    Chinese Journal of Vector Biology and Control. 2022, 33(5): 613-621. https://doi.org/10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2022.05.001
    Abstract ( 1028 ) Download PDF ( 3590 )   Knowledge map   Save
    Objective To analyze the policies,strategies,techniques,actions,and achievements in the surveillance and control of vectors and vector-borne diseases in China since 2012.Methods Descriptive epidemiological methods were used to analyze and summarize the epidemiologic situation and challenges of vectors and vector-borne diseases,the surveillance of vectors,and the advances in the control of vectors and vector-borne diseases in China in the past ten years.The Mann-Kendall test was used to analyze the trend of the incidence rate of vector-borne diseases in the past decade using R 4.0.4 software.Results A series of policies,strategies,measures,and techniques were formulated and released for sustainable vector management in China in the past decade.The vector surveillance program in China had been continuously upgraded and improved,and a national vector surveillance network integrating ecology,etiology,and insecticide resistance had been established and improved.The number of national vector surveillance sites (1 097) in 2021 was increased by 54 times,and the funds input in national vector surveillance was increased by 127 times.Direct network reporting was realized for surveillance data,and there was a significant increase in the timely utilization rate of surveillance data,which provided better support for risk assessment,prediction and early warning,decision making,and control effect evaluation.The total annual incidence rate of vector-borne diseases in China in 2021(3.060/100 000) was reduced by 8.66% compared with that in 2007-2011(3.350/100 000),and the total annual mortality rate of vector-borne diseases in 2021(0.016/100 000) was reduced by 33.33% compared with that in 2007-2011(0.024/100 000).China had achieved the goal of malaria elimination and mitigated the accelerating increases in the incidence rates of dengue fever,scrub typhus,and severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome.Conclusion In 2012-2021,leapfrog development has been achieved for the policies,strategies,techniques,and actions for the surveillance and control of vectors and vector-borne diseases in China,and there are significant reductions in the incidence and mortality rates of vector-borne diseases.In view of the natural and social driving factors at present,the prevention and control of vectors and vector-borne diseases still face severe challenges,and therefore,it is urgent to further promote the strategies and measures for sustainable vector management,implement Global Vector Control Response 2017-2030,build proactive defense based on"reverse microbial etiology",so as to prevent and control major vector-borne diseases.
    • Special Topics|Tick
  • Electroantennographic response of the Haller's organ of Haemaphysalis longicornis(Acari:Ixodidae) to several odor volatiles
    CUI Ying-ying, WANG Jun-gang, SUN Wan-wan, WANG Jun, WU Hai-xia, LIU Qi-yong
    Chinese Journal of Vector Biology and Control. 2022, 33(5): 622-626. https://doi.org/10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2022.05.002
    Abstract ( 192 ) Download PDF ( 1266 )   Knowledge map   Save
    Objective To measure the electrophysiological response of the Haller's organ of starving adult female Haemaphysalis longicornis ticks to several odor volatiles,and to provide a basis for further research on the host selection mechanism of ticks.Methods Electroantennogram with glass electrodes was used to measure the electroantennography (EAG) values of the Haller's organ of adult female H.longicornis ticks to glacial acetic acid,ammonia,and the blood,fecal,and fur extracts of Kunming mice,New Zealand rabbits,and sheep after 1 or 4 months of starvation,and the differences in data were analyzed for t test and analysis of variance using SPSS 22.0 software.Results Except for a relatively low EAG response value (0.000 mV) to glacial acetic acid with a concentration of 0.10 μl/ml,the Haller's organ of starving adult female H.longicornis showed varying degrees of electrophysiological reactions to glacial acetic acid and ammonia at concentrations of 1.00,10.00,and 100.00 μl/ml,and the degree of electrophysiological reactions increased with the increasing concentrations;The EAG values at different concentrations of glacial acetic acid and ammonia of Haller's organ of ticks in 1 month of starvation were higher than those of ticks in 4 months of starvation,but only EAG values at 1.00,10.00,and 100.00 μl/ml of glacial acetic acid,and 1.00 and 100.00 μl/ml of ammonia were significantly different between ticks with different times of starvation (all P<0.05).The ticks with starvation for 1 and 4 months showed the highest EAG response value to 100 μl/ml ammonia,i.e.,(2.729±0.129) mV and (2.239±0.285) mV,respectively,and the EAG response values to each concentration of ammonia were significantly higher than those to each concentration of glacial acetic acid (all P<0.05).The H.longicornis ticks after starvation for 1 month had similar EAG response values to the blood of Kunming mice,New Zealand rabbits,and sheep (F=0.002,P=0.998),and as for the three kinds of animals,the ticks had relatively high EAG response values to the fecal and fur extracts of sheep,i.e.,(0.758±0.070) mV and (0.914±0.150) mV,respectively,which were significantly higher than the EAG response values to the fecal and fur extracts of the other two kinds of animals (fecal extract:F=11.587,P=0.001;fur extract:F=14.237,P<0.001).Conclusion At the same concentration,The Haller's organs of the adult female ticks of H.longicornis are more sensitive to ammonia than to glacial acetic acid,and the ticks after starvation for 1 month have stronger EAG response to ammonia and glacial acetic acid than those after starvation for 4 months.The EAG response of ticks to the fecal and fur extracts of sheep are stronger than those to the fecal and fur extracts of Kunming mice and New Zealand rabbits.
  • Laboratory method and evaluation of Haemaphysalis longicornis feeding on mouse blood
    ZHENG Wei-qing, FU Ren-long, TAO Hui-ying, LIU Yang-qing, CHEN Sheng-en
    Chinese Journal of Vector Biology and Control. 2022, 33(5): 627-631. https://doi.org/10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2022.05.003
    Abstract ( 191 ) Download PDF ( 1253 )   Knowledge map   Save
    Objective To develop the method for ticks to feed on mouse blood under laboratory conditions.Methods The blood feeding chamber for ticks was prepared with commercially available materials.The attachment,engorgement,growth,and reproduction of Haemaphysalis longicornis were evaluated after feeding on mouse blood.Results The chambers were used to feed H.longicornis.Nymphs used 1-4 d to attach themselves to mice and had a mean biting success rate of 80.00%,an engorgement duration of 4-6 d and a mean engorgement rate of 98.21%.On the average,97.85% nymphs molted to adults.Adult ticks spent 6.5 d (M) to engorge with an engorgement rate of 66.67%,and the body weight of engorged ticks increased>150-fold versus unfed ticks.Each female tick laid an average of 876 eggs.On the average,78.90% eggs hatched with the duration of 25 d (M).Conclusion The blood feeding chamber for ticks developed by the authors is suitable for rearing H.longicornis under laboratory conditions.
  • An investigation of tick species in Saihanba National Nature Reserve of Hebei province,China
    GAO Yang, XU Shi-qi, WANG Li-na, GUO Wen-ping, LIU Ming
    Chinese Journal of Vector Biology and Control. 2022, 33(5): 632-636. https://doi.org/10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2022.05.004
    Abstract ( 176 ) Download PDF ( 1148 )   Knowledge map   Save
    Objective To investigate the species composition,geographical distribution,and seasonal fluctuation of ticks in Saihanba National Nature Reserve (Saihanba Reserve) of Hebei Province,China,and to provide a basis for tick prevention and control.Methods From March to December 2018,questing ticks were collected by flag-dragging in different habitats in Saihanba Reserve,and parasitic ticks were captured from host animals'body surface.The species composition,distribution,and seasonal fluctuation of ticks were investigated.Excel 2010 and SPSS 21.0 softwares were used for data statistics and analysis.The number and parasitic intensity of ticks were compared between different habitats and hosts by the Chi-square test.Results A total of 601 ticks of 1 family,3 genera,and 3 species were collected;the number of Ixodes persulcatus was the most numeous,accounting for 64.56%(388/601) of the total number;Haemaphysalis longicornis accounted for 28.62%(172/601);Dermacentor silvarum was the fewest,accounting for 6.82%(41/601).A total of 458 questing ticks were collected;the number of questing ticks showed a significant difference between different habitats (χ2=96.506,P<0.001),with the most ticks collected in shrubs and grasslands,accounting for 58.52%(268/458),and the fewest ticks in needle-leaved forests,accounting for 9.39%(43/458).A total of 143 parasitic ticks were collected,with an overall infestation rate of 41.38% and a parasitic intensity of 3.97 in host animals.The number of parasitic ticks showed a significant difference between different hosts (χ2=16.106,P<0.001);the infestation rate was 46.00% in sheep and 35.14% in rodents.In Saihanba Reserve,ticks were encountered in March,and the number of ticks maintained at a high level from May to August.From October to December,the number of ticks declined sharply until disappearing.Adults of I. persulcatus showed a peak in early June,and nymphs and larvae were at their peaks in early August.Additionally,D. silvarum and H. longicornis increased to their peaks in August.There was a significant difference between different tick species (χ2=31.437,P<0.001).Conclusion There are diverse species of ticks in Saihanba Reserve,and I. persulcatus is the dominant species in this region.The distribution of ticks varies significantly in different habitats,and the questing ticks are more prevalent in shrubs and grasslands.The population of ticks reaches to its peak in summer,a tourist season of Saihanba Reserve.
  • Investigation of tick-borne viruses in Huanan county,Heilongjiang province,China,2020
    LI Fan, LIU Feng-ming, FENG Pan-pan, WANG Dong-qiang, FU Shi-hong, NIE Kai, YIN Qi-kai, HE Ying, YIN Jia-yu, XU Song-tao, BAO Ming-jia, WANG Huan-yu
    Chinese Journal of Vector Biology and Control. 2022, 33(5): 637-641. https://doi.org/10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2022.05.005
    Abstract ( 237 ) Download PDF ( 2186 )   Knowledge map   Save
    Objective To investigate the species of ticks and tick-borne viruses in Huanan county,Jiamusi city,Heilongjiang province,China.Methods Ticks were collected in Huanan in May 2020 and identified according to morphological keys.Real-time PCR was used to detect the RNA of viruses in the collected ticks,i.e.,tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV),severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (SFTSV),Omsk hemorrhagic fever virus (OHFV),Langat virus (LGTV),Powassan virus (POWV),and Alongshan virus (ALSV).High-throughput sequencing was used to obtain the genome sequences of detected viruses.Results A total of 890 ticks were collected,including 475 Ixodes persulcatus(210 males and 265 females),360 Dermacentor silvarum(260 males and 100 females),and 55 Haemaphysalis concinna(5 males and 50 females).One batch of tick specimens (n=10;JMS20) was positive for TBEV,which was carried by female I. persulcatus.Other viruses were not detectable.Phylogenetic analysis showed that this TBEV strain was closely related to the Far Eastern subtype of TBEV.Conclusion Ticks in Jiamusi city still carry TBEV,and our results provide basic data for the prevention and control of tick-borne virus diseases in the region.
  • Detection and genotyping of Borrelia burgdorferi carried by free-living ticks in Arxan,Inner Mongolia,China
    DUAN Li-ke, HOU Xue-xia, ZHANG Lin, BAO Zi-hao, LIU Ze-liang, SHI Qi-yuan, ZHOU Hai-jian, DONG Ai-ying, HAO Qin
    Chinese Journal of Vector Biology and Control. 2022, 33(5): 642-647. https://doi.org/10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2022.05.006
    Abstract ( 192 ) Download PDF ( 2044 )   Knowledge map   Save
    Objective To understand the infection and genotypes of Borrelia burgdorferi carried by free-living ticks in Arxan,Inner Mongolia,China,and to provide a basis for local prevention and control of Lyme disease.Methods From May 2020 to May 2021,the drag-flag method was used to collect free-living ticks in Arxan.Tick species were identified by morphology and specific 16S rDNA gene sequencing.Genomic DNA was extracted from 113 randomly selected ticks.Nested-PCR targeting the 5S-23S rRNA intergenic spacer region was used to detect B.burgdorferi,and sequence analysis was performed to determine the genotypes of B.burgdorferi in ticks.The B.burgdorferi carried by 102 Ixodes persulcatus were isolated and cultured in BSK II medium.Multilocus sequence analysis (MLSA) was used to genotype the isolates.Results A total of 295 free-living ticks were collected,which were dominated by I. persulcatus(282/295,95.59%),followed by Dermacentor silvarum(13/295,4.41%).PCR detection of 113 ticks showed that 24 of 100 I. persulcatus carried B. burgdorferi,and the infection rate was 24.00%.Of these,17 were infected with B.garinii(17/24,70.83%),and 7 were infected with B.afzelii (7/24,29.17%).B.burgdorferi was not detected in 13 D.silvarum.Two strains of B. burgdorferi were isolated from the 102 I. persulcatus,which were identified as B. garinii through MLSA.Conclusion The free-living ticks in Arxan in May were dominated by I. persulcatus.The infection rate of B. burgdorferi in I. persulcatus was 24.00%,and the infection was caused by B. garinii and B. afzelii.Two B. garinii strains were isolated from ticks,which suggests that natural infection of spirochetes of Lyme disease was present in Arxan of Inner Mongolia.Local government should pay attention to the risk of B. burgdorferi infection as a causative agent of Lyme disease,monitor the populations,vector ticks,and hosts,and establish a system for the scientific prevention and control of Lyme disease.
  • Repellent efficacy of allicin long-acting repellents at different concentrations against larvae of Haemaphysalis longicornis
    ZHAO Cong, ZHANG Wen-ju, NING Xiao-dong, HUANG Bin-bin, JIAN Yi-chen, YUE Zhi-guang, JIAN Fu-chun, ZHANG Long-xian, ZHANG Su-mei, NING Chang-shen
    Chinese Journal of Vector Biology and Control. 2022, 33(5): 648-654. https://doi.org/10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2022.05.007
    Abstract ( 175 ) Download PDF ( 1273 )   Knowledge map   Save
    Objective To study the repellent effect of allicin on larvae of Haemaphysalis longicornis and the duration of action of allicin long-acting repellent.Methods The repellent effect of allicin solution (0.5,1.0,1.5,2.0,3.0,and 4.0 mg/ml) on larvae of H. longicornis was studied using an in vitro filter paper repellent device,and the repellent concentration 50(RC50) and repellent concentration 100(RC100) were calculated.The Kruskal-Wallis H test was used to compare the repellent effect every 48 h between different concentrations and dosage forms of allicin and three commercially available repellents (1% repellent ester long-lasting repellent,OFF repellent liquid,and Liushen Florida Water) and to determine its duration of action.Results When the concentration of allicin ranged from 0.5 mg/ml to 4.0 mg/ml,the repellent rate of allicin to larvae of H. longicornis increased gradually with the increase in concentration,and reached the maximum (100%) at 4.0 mg/ml;the RC50 and RC100 were 1.79 mg/ml and 3.52 mg/ml,respectively.The repellent efficacy of 0.5%,1.0%,and 3.0% allicin long-acting repellents was significantly higher than that of the respective water emulsion treatment group within 10 days (all P<0.05).Compared with the commercially available repellents,1.0% and 3.0% allicin long-acting repellents showed a better repellent activity against larvae of H. longicornis within 12 days.Conclusion 0.5%,1.0%,and 3.0% allicin long-acting repellents have the longest duration of action of 12,14,and 16 days,respectively and the effective protection duration of 2,4,and 6 days,respectively,and their repellent effect is better than that of commercially available repellents.
  • Analysis of action pathway of anti-tick subunit vaccine
    DONG Hong-meng, WU Ya-xue, HU Yong-hong
    Chinese Journal of Vector Biology and Control. 2022, 33(5): 655-660. https://doi.org/10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2022.05.008
    Abstract ( 187 ) Download PDF ( 1581 )   Knowledge map   Save
    Ticks are obligate,hematophagous ectoparasites that transmit a variety of pathogens.Although tick control is principally dependent on the application of chemical acaricides at present,long-term application can lead to resistance to acaricides in ticks and cause environmental contamination.Anti-tick subunit vaccine is one of the effective tick control strategies,but its mechanism of action is still unclear.This paper focuses on the host immune responses induced by the anti-tick subunit vaccine,including humoral immunity,cellular immunity,and complement system,as well as the action pathways of antibodies,immune cells,and complement from the host immunized on ticks,in order to lay the foundation for revealing the immune mechanism of anti-tick vaccine and provide a scientific basis for screening for a new anti-tick vaccine.
    • Experimental Study
  • Effect of temperature on routine preservation of Aedes albopictus eggs in the laboratory
    CAO Yang, WEI Ling-ya, JIN Hui, WANG Hui-min, KONG Qing-xin
    Chinese Journal of Vector Biology and Control. 2022, 33(5): 661-665. https://doi.org/10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2022.05.009
    Abstract ( 175 ) Download PDF ( 1215 )   Knowledge map   Save
    Objective To explore a suitable temperature and method for short-term preservation of Aedes albopictus eggs in laboratory.Methods Ae.albopictus reared in the laboratory laid eggs.The eggs with complete and plump form were selected and counted under a stereomicroscope.Eggs in the control group were directly put into water for hatching after counting;eggs in the experimental group were divided into four groups according to the preservation time:7,14,21,and 28 d groups.Three repetitions were set in each group,and the number of mosquito eggs in each group was roughly equal.Eggs were preserved in constant temperature and humidity climate boxes with the humidity of 75% and the temperature was set to 5,10,12.5,15,20,and 25℃.After preserved for 7,14,21,and 28 days,eggs in the corresponding groups were taken out,observed with a digital microscope for the status and integrity,and hatched in water.When the earliest hatched larvae reached the 3rd instar,the observation ended.The larvae were counted,and the hatching rate was calculated.Excel 2019 software was used to sort out the data and calculate the hatching rate;SPSS 26.0 software was used for statistical analysis.The enumeration data were expressed as rate,and the measurement data in line with normal distribution were expressed as x±s.One-way analysis of variance was used for the comparison between two groups.Results As for the eggs of Ae.albopictus preserved at 5,15,and 25℃ for 7,14,21,and 28 days,respectively,the hatching rate of eggs preserved at 15℃ was 67.80% on the 7th day,50.00% on the 14th day,and remained about 50.00% on the 28th day;the hatching rate of eggs preserved at 5℃ decreased to 21.88% on the 7th day,9.32% on the 14th day,only 0.26% on the 21st day,and 0 on the 28th day.The hatchability of mosquito eggs stored at 25℃ was between the other two groups,and maintained at about 30.00% except for a significant decrease on the 14th day.There were significant differences in hatching rates of Ae.albopictus eggs stored at 5,15,and 25℃ for 7,14,21,and 28 days (7 d:F=36.688,P<0.001;14 d:F=166.749,P<0.001;21 d:F=7.890,P=0.021;28 d:F=19.501,P=0.002),and the hatching rates at 15 and 25℃ were higher than that at 5℃(except for 14-day preservation at 25℃)(7 d:P<0.001,P=0.033;14 d:P<0.001,P<0.001;21 d:P=0.008,P=0.033;28 d:P=0.001,P=0.007).As for the eggs of Ae.albopictus preserved at 10,12.5,and 20℃ for 7,14,21,and 28 days,respectively,the hatching rate of eggs preserved at 12.5℃ was 47.71% on the 28th day;the hatching rate of eggs preserved at 10℃ decreased gradually from the 7th day to 17.56% on the 28th day;the hatching rate at 20℃ was between the other two groups,and remained at about 40.00% on the 28th day.There was a significant difference in the hatching rate of eggs preserved at 10℃,12.5℃,and 20℃ for 14 and 28 days (14 d:F=23.700,P=0.001;28 d:F=9.429,P=0.014).The hatching rate at 12.5℃ and 20℃ were higher than that at 10℃(14 d:P<0.001,P=0.017;28 d:P=0.008,P=0.011).Conclusion When the environmental relative humidity is 75% and the egg-loading filter paper is always wet,12.5℃ and 15℃ are appropriate temperatures for short-term preservation of Ae.albopictus eggs.
  • Investigation on resistance and resistance-conferring mutations in Anopheles sinensis in Sanya,Hainan province,China
    WU Qun, SUN Ding-wei, LI Shan-gan, ZENG Xue-xia, ZENG Lin-hai, WANG Shao-ping, WU De-lei, WEI Jia-jia, LI Ling-gang, CHEN Cheng-rong, LIU Ying, CHEN Yan
    Chinese Journal of Vector Biology and Control. 2022, 33(5): 666-671. https://doi.org/10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2022.05.010
    Abstract ( 203 ) Download PDF ( 1296 )   Knowledge map   Save
    Objective To investigate the resistance of Anopheles sinensis to commonly used insecticides and the mutation of knockdown resistance (kdr) related gene in the voltage-gated sodium channel (VGSC) and acetylcholinesterase gene 1(ace-1 gene) encoding acetylcholinesterase in Sanya,Hainan province,China.Methods An.sinensis adults were captured in Tianya district,Sanya,Hainan province from September to October 2018 and September 2020.The resistance of field-captured An.sinensis to five commonly used insecticides was tested.Survival samples were collected from resistance testing,which were inspected for the mutation at the 1014 locus in the VGSC gene and the 119 locus in the ace-1 gene by the direct sequencing method.Results In 2018 and 2020,An.sinensis showed a resistance to deltamethrin (0.05%) and dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT)(4.00%),with the 24 h mortality rates of 43.00% and 11.11% in 2018,and 71.00% and 39.18% in 2020,respectively.The resistance to malathion (5.0%) was changed from 91.00%(possible resistance) in 2018 to 100%(susceptible) in 2020.Sequencing results of polymerase chain reaction products showed that one mutation was detected at the 1014 locus in the VGSC gene and the 119 locus in the ace-1 gene,respectively,i.e.,L1014F leucine (L) mutated to phenylalanine (F)(TTG mutated to TTT) and G119S glycine (G) mutated to serine (S)(GGC mutated to AGC),and the mutation frequencies were 48.75% and 57.14% in 2018 and 52.50% and 43.75% in 2020,respectively.Conclusion An.sinensis from Sanya is resistant to deltamethrin and DDT but susceptible to malathion,etofenprox,and chlorfenapyr.The resistance-conferring mutation may lead to the resistance of An.sinensis to insecticides in Sanya,Hainan province.
  • Research on spatial distribution of Blattella germanica and Periplaneta fuliginosa in a farmers'market in Shanghai,China
    SUN Chun-wei, ZHANG Jie, LIU Yao, ZHOU Yi-bin
    Chinese Journal of Vector Biology and Control. 2022, 33(5): 672-676. https://doi.org/10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2022.05.011
    Abstract ( 197 ) Download PDF ( 1209 )   Knowledge map   Save
    Objective To investigate the spatial distribution of Blattella germanica and Periplaneta fuliginosa in a farmers'market in Shanghai,China,and to analyze whether the two cockroach species coexist in the farmers'market and the coexistence characteristics.Methods The population density of cockroaches was monitored once a month from June 2020 to May 2021 by using the sticky trap method (placing a glue trap under an electronic scale at each stall,and inspecting it after 72 hours) in the farmers'market.The data were analyzed using Spearman correlation analysis,Pearson's Chi-square test,spatial analysis,hotspot analysis,and bivariate global spatial correlation analysis.Results The species of cockroaches in the farmers'market included B.germanica and P.fuliginosa.B.germanica was the dominant species,accounting for 94.57% of the total catches.The seasonal changes in the densities of B.germanica and P.fuliginosa were positively correlated (r=0.763,P=0.004).The stalls selling chilled and fresh meat and poultry had the highest infestation rates of B.germanica and P.fuliginosa,which were 29.08% and 6.97%,respectively.There was a positive correlation between the numbers of B.germanica and P.fuliginosa captured at all stalls (r=0.432,P<0.001).The positive rate distribution and density distribution of B.germanica and P.fuliginosa were positively correlated;The bivariate global Morans'Ⅰ index of the positive times of the two species of cockroaches was 0.178(Z=6.786,P<0.001),showing a spatial positive correlation distribution trend;The bivariate global Morans'Ⅰ index of their capture number was 0.127(Z=5.021,P<0.001).Conclusion B.germanica and P.fuliginosa may have similar adaptability to temperature and humidity.The two cockroach species may coexist and compete in the farmers'market,and B.germanica is the competitively dominant species.The control of cockroaches should be considered based on the spatial distribution characteristics of cockroaches in a specific area to formulate targeted control strategies against regional dominant species.
  • Effect of rotenone on the gut microbiota of Blattella germanica
    ZHU Jian, CHEN Guang-ming, WU Ying-hua, LIAO Guo-dong, XU Han-hong
    Chinese Journal of Vector Biology and Control. 2022, 33(5): 677-683. https://doi.org/10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2022.05.012
    Abstract ( 163 ) Download PDF ( 1523 )   Knowledge map   Save
    Objective To investigate the effect of rotenone on the gut microbiota of Blattella germanica and the reason for the low toxicity of rotenone against B.germanica.Methods The gut microbiota of B.germanica were eliminated by feeding antibiotics,and then normal B.germanica cockroaches and the B.germanica cockroaches with eliminated gut microbiota were fed with rotenone to observe the influence of gut microbiota on the insecticidal activity of rotenone.In addition,gut genomic DNA was extracted from normal B.germanica cockroaches after feeding rotenone,and normal B.germanica cockroaches not fed with rotenone were used as control.Illumina HiSeq high-throughput sequencing was used to determine the sequence of the V3-V4 variable region of 16S rRNA,and the number of sequences and operational taxonomic units were used to analyze the composition and abundance of microflora,the abundance and diversity of bacterial communities,and the changes in bacterial composition across different treatment methods.SPSS 22.0 software was used for data analysis,and the independent samples t-test was used for difference analysis.R language software was used for heatmap clustering analysis and principal component analysis.Results Compared with the normal B.germanica cockroaches,the B.germanica cockroaches with eliminated gut microbiota had a significant reduction in survival rate after treatment with rotenone (t=8.485,P<0.001).16S rRNA sequencing obtained 128 genera,78 families,and 19 phyla of bacteria.Diversity analysis showed that the B.germanica cockroaches treated with rotenone had significantly higher ACE and Chao1 indices than the normal cockroaches (t=-2.990,P=0.040;t=-4.227,P=0.013).The analysis of bacterial community abundance showed that compared with the normal B.germanica cockroaches,the B.germanica cockroaches treated with rotenone had significantly higher relative abundances of Mitochondria,Bacteroidaceae,and Rikenellaceae (t=-12.178,P<0.001;t=-4.087,P=0.014;t=-3.570,P=0.026) and significantly lower relative abundances of Lachnospiraceae,Ruminococcaceae,Syntrophomonadaceae,Caulobacteraceae,and Enterobacteriaceae (t=10.662,P<0.001;t=8.242,P=0.001;t=4.394,P=0.012;t=3.421,P=0.025;t=3.038,P=0.041).Heatmap clustering analysis showed that the rotenone treatment group and the control group were in different primary branches,and the principal component analysis showed similar bacterial diversity between the samples in the same treatment.Conclusion Gut microbiota may play an role in host resistance to rotenone toxicity,and rotenone has a great impact on the community structure of the gut microbiota of B.germanica.Improving insecticidal activity by destroying the community structure of the gut microbiota of insects may provide a new idea for the application of plant-derived pesticides in pest control.
    • Vector Surveillance
  • Relationship between population densities of Meriones unguiculatus and its nest fleas and meteorological factors in M.unguiculatus plague foci of Hebei province,China
    NIU Yan-fen, ZHANG Yi-hui, KANG Dong-mei, CHEN Yong-ming, LIU Guang, LIU He-zhi, SHI Xian-ming, DU Guo-yi
    Chinese Journal of Vector Biology and Control. 2022, 33(5): 684-688. https://doi.org/10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2022.05.013
    Abstract ( 133 ) Download PDF ( 2351 )   Knowledge map   Save
    Objective To investigate the relationship between the population densities of Meriones unguiculatus and its nest fleas and meteorological factors in M.unguiculatus plague foci in Hebei province,China.Methods The monitoring data of M.unguiculatus and its nest fleas in M.unguiculatus plague foci in Hebei province from 2001 to 2013,as well as meteorological data such as precipitation,temperature and humidity during the same period were collected.The Kruskal-Wallis H test was used to compare the flea infestation rate and flea index of nest fleas among groups by the density of M.unguiculatus (≥ 1.00 rodents/hm2 as high-risk group,0.21-0.99 rodents/hm2 as warning group,≤ 0.20 rodents/hm2 as standard group).Nest flea index were also compared among groups by total precipitation,average temperature,and average relative humidity (four groups each according to their interquartile ranges).Multiple correspondence analysis was performed to analyze the relationship between the density of M.unguiculatus,nest flea index,and meteorological factors.Results The flea infestation rate distribution was statistically different between different groups by total precipitation (H=10.220,P=0.017),and when the precipitation was ≥ 426.00 mm,the flea infestation rate was highest.The nest flea index distribution statistically differed between those groups by total precipitation,average relative humidity,and M.unguiculatus density (H=27.807,12.685,7.130,all P<0.05).When the precipitation was ≥ 426.00 mm,average relative humidity was ≥ 58.71%,and M.unguiculatus density was ≥ 1.00 rodents/hm2,the nest flea index values were all highest,with statistical differences from those of the lowest groups (t=4.722,2.999,2.504,all P<0.05).The multiple correspondence analysis showed strong associations of the flea index P75-100 with the total precipitation P50-75,the average relative humidity P25-50,and M.unguiculatus density in the high-risk group,and strong associations of the flea index P50-75 with the total precipitation P75-100 and average relative humidity P75-100.Conclusion Precipitation and M.unguiculatus density are important factors affecting the rodent nest flea index in M.unguiculatus plague foci in Hebei province.When determining the site,extent,and time of flea control,host density and meteorological conditions should be considered for precise flea control to prevent plague among rodents.
  • An analysis of dengue fever outbreak and Aedes surveillance data in Nanning,Guangxi Autonomous Region,China,2019
    SHI Jian, ZHOU Dong-mei, QU Zhi-qiang, LIU Hao-hui, LIAO Ke-chang, HUANG Chao-jun, TANG Hong-yang, JIANG Si-yang, TANG Jin-fang, HUANG Jia-yun
    Chinese Journal of Vector Biology and Control. 2022, 33(5): 689-695. https://doi.org/10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2022.05.014
    Abstract ( 187 ) Download PDF ( 1395 )   Knowledge map   Save
    Objective To analyze the correlation between the dengue fever outbreak and Aedes surveillance density in Nanning,Guangxi Autonomous Region,China in 2019,and evaluate the role of Aedes surveillance in the early warning of dengue outbreaks in Nanning,and to provide a reference for improving local surveillance of Aedes mosquitoes.Methods We collected the data on the dengue outbreak and Aedes surveillance in Nanning in 2019 to analyze the epidemiological characteristics of the outbreak,the fluctuations in the density of Aedes mosquitoes,and the correlation between the outbreak and Aedes density fluctuations using descriptive epidemiological methods.Results The date of onset of the first local case of dengue fever in 2019 was June 28,and the quartiles (Q25,Q50,and Q75) of onset time were September 29,October 9,and October 20,respectively.The monthly cases of dengue fever from June to December were 1,0,12,275,647,93,and 5,respectively.The Breteau index (BI) by routine surveillance in Nanning was higher in June,July,and September in 2019,but in Nanning and its Jiangnan district,Xixiangtang district,Qingxiu district,and Liangqing district with the largest numbers of cases,the BI was all<5.The mosquito ovitrap index (MOI) by routine surveillance in Nanning was higher in June,August,and September in 2019,but the MOI in Nanning and its Qingxiu district was both<5.The mean net trap index by routine surveillance in Nanning was>2 mosquitoes/net·hour in May,June,July,and September,but it was<2 mosquitoes/net·hour in Xixiangtang district and Liangqing district.Before mosquito control,the BI by emergency monitoring was almost all>5 across Nanning,and the net trap index by emergency monitoring was<1 mosquito/net·hour in Liangqing district.After mosquito control,the BI of Qingxiu and Liangqing districts by emergency monitoring was higher than that by routine monitoring.The number of cases of dengue fever in each month had no significant correlation with the BI,MOI,or net trap index,regardless of routine surveillance,emergency surveillance,and overall analysis (all P>0.05).Conclusion The surveillance densities of Aedes mosquitoes in Nanning in 2019 were generally not correlated with the dengue fever outbreak in that year.The specific reasons need further investigation,and Aedes surveillance and data utilization in Nanning need to be improved.
  • Surveillance report on rodents at national rodent surveillance sites of Qingdao,China,2017-2021
    SONG Fu-cheng, XIU Jing-wei, WANG Wei, MA Xiao-fang, LI Bing-hui, SUN Geng-xiao, SUN Qin-tong, JIANG Hong-rong, LIU Yan-tao
    Chinese Journal of Vector Biology and Control. 2022, 33(5): 696-700. https://doi.org/10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2022.05.015
    Abstract ( 180 ) Download PDF ( 1341 )   Knowledge map   Save
    Objective To investigate the species composition,population density,habitat distribution,and seasonal variation of rodents at national surveillance sites of Qingdao,Shandong province,China,and to provide a scientific basis for rodent control.Methods From 2017 to 2021,the trap-at-night method was used to monitor rodents once every two months (in the middle period of odd months) in urban residential areas,key industry areas,and rural residential areas of Qingdao,and no less than 200 effective traps were placed at each habitats.Excel 2010 and SPSS 19.0 softwares were used for statistical analysis of surveillance data,and the Chi-square test was used for comparison of rodent density.Results A total of 382 rodents were captured from 2017 to 2021.The overall rodent density was 1.07%.Except for a slight increase in 2020,the overall rodent density showed a downward trend,with a significant difference in the rodent densities in different years (χ2=15.141, P=0.004).Rattus norvegicus,Mus musculus,and Apodemus agrarius accounted for 43.45%,40.58%,and 11.78%,respectively.The rodent density was 0.87% in urban residential areas,0.45% in key industry areas,and 1.81% in rural residential areas.The density of M.musculus was highest in urban residential areas (0.48%),while the density of R.norvegicus was highest in rural residential areas (0.79%).The rodent density in rural residential areas showed a decreasing trend,with a significant difference between different years (χ2=237.008,P<0.001).The distributions of the peak months of rodent density seasonal fluctuations in the five years slightly differed,but all with the highest peak in May.The density peaks of M.musculus and A.agrarius occurred in May,and that of R.norvegicus was in September.The rodent density peaked in May in urban residential areas,in July in key industry areas,and in May and September in rural residential areas.Conclusion R.norvegicus and M.musculus were the dominant rodent species in the residential areas and surrounding environment of national rodent surveillance sites in Qingdao from 2017 to 2021.The density of rodents peaked in May,and it was higher in rural residential areas than in the other two habitats.We recommend strengthening rodent control in key areas according to rodents'seasonal fluctuations.
    • Vector Infectious Disease
  • A seroepidemiological survey of Japanese encephalitis in healthy people and swine in Longnan,Gansu province,China,2018
    WANG Xiao-jun, CAI Yu-cheng, LIU Hai-jun, ZHAO Yuan-kun, ZHANG Yan, LI Hui, TONG Bo-bo, MA Yuan
    Chinese Journal of Vector Biology and Control. 2022, 33(5): 701-705. https://doi.org/10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2022.05.016
    Abstract ( 164 ) Download PDF ( 845 )   Knowledge map   Save
    Objective To investigate the level of the anti-Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) IgG antibody in healthy people and swine in Longnan,Gansu province,China,and to provide laboratory data for the prevention and control of Japanese encephalitis.Methods An on-site investigation was conducted from October 23 to November 15,2018.Li county,Xihe county,Wudu district,and Hui county in Longnan were chosen as monitoring points.Stratified cluster sampling was performed to select three administrative villages or communities each from the four counties or districts,and then from eight age groups (0-,2-,5-,10-,15-,30-,45-,and ≥ 60 years old),10 people each were randomly selected for investigation.From each monitoring point,pigs born in 2018 were randomly selected,and 20 porcine serum specimens were collected.Indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to test the anti-JEV IgG antibody in the subjects.Results A total of 888 healthy people received testing,among whom 91.10% were positive for the anti-JEV IgG antibody.There were no significant differences in the positive rate of the anti-JEV IgG antibody between subjects of different sexes and from different regions (both P>0.05).The positive rate of the antibody ranged from 86.13% to 98.00% across different age groups,and showed a downward trend with age (χ2trend=5.683,P=0.017).The positive rate showed no significant difference between subjects with immunization history and those without immunization history (χ2=6.997,P=0.008).A total of 240 pigs were tested for the anti-JEV IgG antibody,with a positive rate of 84.17%.The positive rate was significantly different between pigs of different ages (χ2=22.090, P<0.001) and between pigs raised by intensive farming and those by free-range farming (χ2=4.360,P=0.037),but not among pigs from different regions (χ2=0.893,P=0.345).Conclusion The positive rate of the anti-JEV IgG antibody was high among healthy people and pigs in Longnan.We recommend regular monitoring of the anti-JEV IgG antibody level among healthy people and pigs,improve the Japanese encephalitis surveillance system,and strengthen immunization,in order to maintain Japanese encephalitis at a low-incidence level.
  • Molecular epidemiological analysis of Hantavirus in an outbreak of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome in Daishan county,Zhejiang province,China
    CHEN Xu-hui, TAN Qi-long, SHU Ji-wei, YE Ling, LI Shi-bo, WANG Qiu-jing
    Chinese Journal of Vector Biology and Control. 2022, 33(5): 706-709. https://doi.org/10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2022.05.017
    Abstract ( 153 ) Download PDF ( 1534 )   Knowledge map   Save
    Objective To analyze cases'and host animals'specimens in a cluster outbreak of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) in an island industrial park in Daishan county,Zhejiang province,China in 2020,clarify the relationship between the cases and hosts and the molecular phylogenetic characteristics of the virus,and to provide a reference for local prevention and treatment of HFRS.Methods Serum samples from the cases and rodents were collected.Reverse transcription PCR was used to detect the viral nucleic acid.Nested PCR was used to amplify the M gene,followed by sequencing,genotyping,and homology analysis.Results From April to July 2020,a total of four confirmed cases of HFRS were reported in the island industrial park in Daishan county,and all were positive for anti-hantavirus IgG and IgM antibodies.Hantavirus RNA was present in the serum samples of two cases and four Rattus norvegicus rodents,all being Seoul virus (SEOV).The six samples'M gene fragments were 100% homologous,and were most closely related to the isolates Rod/2012/QHD/4/Gc from Hebei province and RuianRn180 from Ruian,Zhejiang.Conclusion This cluster outbreak was caused by the transmission of SEOV hantavirus through R.norvegicus.The virus strains exhibited high homology,obvious geographic clustering,and relative selectivity for hosts.
    • Investigation
  • Influencing factors for mosquito breeding in underground garages in winter in Jing'an district,Shanghai,China
    CHEN Hong, SHAN Ning, ZHOU Yi-bin
    Chinese Journal of Vector Biology and Control. 2022, 33(5): 710-714. https://doi.org/10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2022.05.018
    Abstract ( 113 ) Download PDF ( 980 )   Knowledge map   Save
    Objective To investigate influencing factors for mosquito breeding in underground garages in winter,and to provide a basis for mosquito control.Methods From January to February 2021,we selected underground garages from the subdistricts or towns of Jing'an district,Shanghai,China,and investigated mosquito breeding in the garages and long-term ponding from rainwater wells and water-collecting wells in the garages by using the mosquito larval spoon method and resting mosquito collection method.Excel 16.0 and SPSS 20.0 softwares were used to process and analyze the data with the Chi-square test and forward stepwise multivariable logistic regression analysis (variables with P ≤ 0.05 were included).Results A total of 58 underground garages and 470 sites of ponding were investigated.The positive rate was 46.55%.The larval breeding rate in ponding was 14.26%.Among the positive sites of ponding,65 harbored Culex pipiens larvae and 2 harbored Aedes albopictus larvae.Thirty-five adult mosquitoes were captured,all belonging to Cx.pipiens pallens,with a fat-body development rate of 31.43% and an ovarian development rate of 8.57%.In the underground garages,the average temperature was (14.61±2.69)℃,and the average humidity was (51.41±18.02)%.The multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that an old construction age (underground garages built in or before 2005 versus newer ones built during 2011 to 2020[odds ratio (OR)=3.12,95% confidence interval (CI):1.35-7.26],property management cost more than 5 yuan/month·m2(OR=3.58,95%CI:1.17-10.93),good daylighting or lighting (OR=0.43,95%CI:0.23-0.80),and the presence of adult mosquito activities (OR=6.51,95%CI:1.82-23.32) were risk factors for the breeding of mosquito larvae.Conclusion Cx.pipiens and Ae.albopictus breeding are still present and develop in winter in the underground garages of Jing'an district,Shanghai.Daylighting/lighting,adult mosquito activities,and old buildings are influencing factors for larvae breeding.High-tech residence with high property management fees also provides favorable conditions for mosquito breeding and development in winter because of the use of constant temperature and humidity facilities.
  • An analysis of influence of National Sanitary City construction on vector control in Baiyin,Gansu province,China
    ZHANG Xue-tai, WU Jia-hui
    Chinese Journal of Vector Biology and Control. 2022, 33(5): 715-721. https://doi.org/10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2022.05.019
    Abstract ( 152 ) Download PDF ( 1218 )   Knowledge map   Save
    Objective To analyze the role of National Sanitary City construction on vector control in Baiyin,Gansu province,China,and to provide reference and guidance for sustainable vector control in the future.Methods We collected data on vector density monitoring,on-site vector assessment,and insecticide resistance monitoring for National Sanitary City construction in Baiyin from 2017 to 2021,and analyzed the changes in various vector indicators since National Sanitary City construction using the chi-square test,analysis of variance,and t test.Results Since National Sanitary City construction in 2017,the densities of mosquitoes,flies,rodents,and cockroaches showed a decreasing trend in Baiyin district and Pingchuan district,with significant changes from 2017 to 2021(mosquitoes:F=180.443,P<0.001;flies:F=67.948,P=0.001;rodents:F=59.644,P<0.001;cockroaches:F=27.688,P=0.013).According to on-site vector assessments for National Sanitary City,the infestation rates of flies,rodents,and cockroaches significantly decreased from 2019 to 2021(flies:χ2=245.253,P<0.001;rodents:χ2=26.845,P=0.001;cockroaches:χ2=72.647,P<0.001).The pass rates of fly-and rodent-proof facilities increased year by year,achieving the national standard C level of vector density control or higher.Local flies showed varying degrees of resistance to five commonly used insecticides.The resistance level of domestic flies was higher in the counties or districts constructing National Sanitary City than in those not constructing.Conclusion National Sanitary City construction has promoted vector control in Baiyin,and decreased vector densities through comprehensive measures including environmental reform,breeding habitat treatment,and chemical control.However,the insecticide resistance of vectors has increased in Baiyin.Based on ecology,insecticide resistance,and pathogenic monitoring,future vector control should continue to strive for government support,combine the pest control operation and the general public,and take multiple measures to consolidate the achievements of the National Sanitary City and create a beautiful,civilized,and livable environment.
  • An investigation on knowledge of pest control among villagers in"four pests-free villages"in Zhejiang province,China
    WANG Jin-na, LI Yue-feng, CHEN Sheng-yu, JIANG Zi-qi, LUO Ming-yu, WU Yu-yan, LIU Qin-mei, LI Tian-qi, GONG Zhen-yu
    Chinese Journal of Vector Biology and Control. 2022, 33(5): 722-726. https://doi.org/10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2022.05.020
    Abstract ( 112 ) Download PDF ( 697 )   Knowledge map   Save
    Objective To investigate the degree of satisfaction among villagers in"four pests-free villages"in Zhejiang province,China and their knowledge of control of the four pests (mosquitoes,flies,rodents,and cockroaches),and to provide a basis for further"four pests-free village"construction in Zhejiang province.Methods A questionnaire survey was conducted among villagers who were randomly sampled from three villages in Huzhou and Jiaxing to investigate their degree of satisfaction with"four pest-free village"construction and knowledge of pest control.Excel 2010 software was used to compile the database,and SPSS 16.0 software was used for statistical analysis.The Kruskal-Wallis test was used to compare pest control knowledge scores.Multivariate linear regression analysis was performed to determine influencing factors for pest control knowledge.Results Among the villagers surveyed,98.92% supported"four pests-free village"construction,and 99.46% were satisfied with the achievements of"four pests-free village"construction.For mosquito,fly,and cockroach control,54.03%,67.74%,and 59.68% of the respondents preferred environmental control measures,respectively.For rodent control,88.17% of the respondents preferred physical control measures such as sticky pads for rodents.There were significant differences in respondents'knowledge of pest control between different ages and occupations (F=3.973,P=0.020;F=2.517,P=0.041).According to the multivariate linear regression analysis,the knowledge of pest control among villagers younger than 40 years old was better than that among those in the other age groups (vs.40-60 years old group:t=-2.679,P=0.008;vs.>60 years old group:t=-3.215,P=0.001).Enterprise employees had a better pest control knowledge than farmers (t=2.144,P=0.033).The villagers with a high-school education level or above showed a poorer knowledge of pest control than those with a primary-school education level or below (t=-2.349,P=0.019).Conclusion The villagers in the three pilot villages supported and were satisfied with"four pests-free village"construction to a very high extent,and they had a relatively high level of knowledge of pest control.
  • Investigation of the domestic rodents and infection status of rodent-borne pathogens in Shapingba district of Chongqing,China
    TAO Xiao-ying, CHEN Fei, HE Jian-jun, ZHAO Xin, ZHANG Xin, XIAO Han-sen, TU Tao-tian, HUANG Wei
    Chinese Journal of Vector Biology and Control. 2022, 33(5): 727-731. https://doi.org/10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2022.05.021
    Abstract ( 144 ) Download PDF ( 1288 )   Knowledge map   Save
    Objective To investigate the density of rodents,the species composition of rodents,and the infection status of the four pathogenic pathogens,Leptospira,Rickettsia mooseri,Hantavirus,and Novel bunyavinus in domestic rodents in Shapingba district of Chongqing,China,and to provide a scientific basis for the prevention and control of rodent-borne diseases.Methods From March to May of 2021,10 towns and streets were selected as investigation sites from the eastern,central,and western areas of Shapingba district.The cage trap method was used to capture rodents,and tissue samples of the liver,lung,spleen,kidney,etc,were collected.The magnetic bead method was used to extract nucleic acid,and real-time quantitative PCR was used to detect the above 4 pathogens.Excel 2016 and SPSS 21.0 softwares were used for data compilation and statistical analysis;the Chi-square test was used for comparison of rodent density and rodent species composition across different areas,as well as rodent density across different habitats;the Fisher's exact test was used for comparison of rodent species composition across different habitats and the positive rate of pathogens across different areas and habitats.Results A total of 200 domestic rodents were captured in Shapingba district,with a rodent density of 20.77%,and there was no significant difference in rodent density across different areas (χ2=2.051,P=0.359).Farmers'market had the highest rodent density of 24.62%,while urban residential area had the lowest rodent density of 14.96%,and there was a significant difference in rodent density across different habitats (χ2=8.584,P=0.035).The main species of rodents were Rattus norvegicus,R.tanezumi,and Mus musculus,among which R.norvegicus accounted for 89.50% and was the dominant species in Shapingba district,and there was no significant difference in the species composition of rodents across different areas (χ2=4.505,P=0.342).R.norvegicus and M.musculus were the dominant species in urban residential areas,while only R.norvegicus was captured in restaurants,and all three species were distributed in rural residential areas and farmers'markets;there was a significant difference in species composition across different habitats (P=0.001).Among the four rodent-borne pathogens,only Leptospira was detected,with a positive rate of 4.00%.The western area showed the highest positive rate of Leptospira(5.36%),and there was no significant difference in the positive rate of Leptospira across different areas (P=0.729).Rural residential areas had the highest positive rate of Leptospira(6.35%),while farmers'market had the lowest positive rate (2.04%),and there was no significant difference in the positive rate of Leptospira across different habitats (P=0.730).There was no significant difference in the positive rate of Leptospira across different rodent species (P=0.200),but R.norvegicus had the highest numbers of total catch (179) and most rodents with positive Leptospira(6).Conclusion The density of domestic rodents in Shapingba district is high.The rodent species include R.norvegicus,R.tanezumi, and M.musculus.R.norvegicus is the dominant species.Leptospira is the only pathogen detected in the rodents in Shapingba district in this investigation,and the ecological and pathogenic surveillance of rodents should be further strengthened,with a focus on the prevention and control of R. norvegicus,so as to reduce the risk of rodent-borne diseases.
  • Description of midge species in Meiji Reef,Nansha Islands,China (Diptera:Ceratopogonidae)
    ZHUANG Song-yang, PENG Heng, YUAN Hao, DONG Hao-wei, ZHOU Qiu-ming, SHAN Wen-qi, YANG Zhen-zhou, SHI Hua, MA Ya-jun
    Chinese Journal of Vector Biology and Control. 2022, 33(5): 732-736. https://doi.org/10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2022.05.022
    Abstract ( 111 ) Download PDF ( 973 )   Knowledge map   Save
    Objective To describe the midge species in Meiji Reef,Nansha Islands,China.Methods Midge samples were collected by the light trap method in August 2020,preserved in 70% ethanol solution,and brought back to the laboratory.The slide specimens were made,and species were identified by morphology.Results A total of 2 species in the Forcipomyia and 3 species in the Dasyhelea from the Ceratopogonidae were identified,including Forcipomyia (Forcipomyia) xuyangi Yu,sp.nov.,F.(F.) esakiana Tokunaga,1940,Dasyhelea ascia Yu,sp.nov.,D.labourdonnaisi Clastrier,1959,and D.tetraphylla Yu,sp.nov.Among them,F.(F.) esakiana Tokunaga,1940 and D.labourdonnaisi Clastrier,1959 were first recorded in China.Conclusion This study is the first to describe the midge species in Nansha Islands.A total of 5 species in 2 genera have been identified,and blood-sucking midges are not found.All specimens are preserved at the Naval Medical University.
  • Geographical distribution of Culicoides(Beltranmyia)(Diptera:Ceratopogonidae) and a new record species in China
    ZHENG Dong-chun, YANG Jun, REN Qing-ming, WANG Feng, LIU Guo-ping
    Chinese Journal of Vector Biology and Control. 2022, 33(5): 737-741. https://doi.org/10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2022.05.023
    Abstract ( 83 ) Download PDF ( 855 )   Knowledge map   Save
    Objective To investigate and research the geographical distribution of Culicoides (Beltranmyia) in China.Methods From 2010 to 2020,midges were captured with human-baited net traps,light traps,and insect nets in the woods,residential areas,cattle pens,sheepfolds,chicken houses,and pigpens in 29 counties/cities in 10 provinces/autonomous regions of China.Relevant literature was reviewed.Excel 2010 software was used for data analysis.Results A total of 19 species of Culicoides(Beltranmyia) were captured in this study.Based on literature review,there are a total of 39 known species under subgenus Beltranmyia.They are distributed in 135 counties/cities in 27 provinces/autonomous regions of China,and C.circumscriptus is distributed in 91 counties/cities of 27 provinces/autonomous regions.According to fauna distribution,29 species are in the Palaearctic realm,16 species in the Oriental realm,and 6 species in both the Palaearctic and Oriental realms.The zoogeographic distribution of Beltranmyia in China is 20 species in Northeastern region,8 in North China,8 in Mongolia-Xinjiang,5 in Qinghai-Tibet,6 in Southwest region,11 in Central China and 5 in South China.A new record species in China was reported:C.(B.)homochrous Remm,1968(♂ ).Conclusion There are 39 known species under Culicoides (Beltranmyia) in China,which are distributed in 135 counties/cities of 27 provinces/autonomous regions.Culicoides circumscriptus is a widely distributed midge species in China that is present in the seven regions of both Palaearctic and Oriental realms.The specimen is deposited in the Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Northern Theater Command (Shenyang 110034).
    • Taxonomic Identification
  • Morphological identification of two non-recorded cockroach species (Latindiinae:Latindia) firstly intercepted in China
    LI Ting-ting, LIU De-xing, CHEN Jian, WEI Xiao-ya, QIU De-yi, KE Ming-jian, YUE Qiao-yun
    Chinese Journal of Vector Biology and Control. 2022, 33(5): 742-747. https://doi.org/10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2022.05.024
    Abstract ( 357 ) Download PDF ( 1326 )   Knowledge map   Save
    Objective To morphologically identify two cockroaches intercepted from logs imported from French Guiana at Zhongshan port,Guangdong province,China on March 9 and May 11,2021.Methods The genus was preliminarily identified based on morphological characteristics.The species was determined according to the literature of this genus in South America where the logs were sourced from.Results The male cockroach intercepted on March 9 was Latindia dohrniana Saussure&Zehntner,1894.The male cockroach intercepted on May 11 was an unrecorded new species,Latindia sp.nov.Conclusion Latindia,including the intercepted L.dohrniana and Latindia sp.nov.,has not been recorded in China.This finding can provide a reference for future identification of this cockroach genus intercepted at ports.
    • Control Experiment
  • Effects of dilution rate and droplet size of insecticide formulations on Aedes albopictus control
    CHEN Xiu-jie, YANG Xiao-jun, KAI Wen-long, SHI Can-nan, WANG Yi-guan, ZHAO Chun-chun, LUN Xin-chang, MENG Feng-xia
    Chinese Journal of Vector Biology and Control. 2022, 33(5): 748-752. https://doi.org/10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2022.05.025
    Abstract ( 142 ) Download PDF ( 1228 )   Knowledge map   Save
    Objective To test the control effects against mosquitoes of ultra-low volume (ULV) spraying of insecticide formulations at various dilution rates and droplet sizes as well as the effective utilization rate of insecticides at various droplet sizes,and to provide a scientific basis for the use of ULV spraying and insecticides.Methods A laser particle size analyzer was used to measure the particle size and differential and cumulative particle-size distributions of ULV spray droplets of insecticide formulations.The control efficacy against Aedes albopictus of Aqua Resigen (S-bioallethrin+permethrin,104 g/L) sprayed at various dilution rates and droplet sizes was tested by hanging cage method under field indoor conditions.SAS 9.2 software was used for one-way analysis of variance.Results When using the ULV1 sprayer to apply Aqua Resigen after 10-,30-,and 50-fold dilution under the label-recommended dose of 0.012 5 mL/m3,the 24-h mortalities of Ae.albopictus were 74.03%,72.95%,and 79.82%,respectively,with no statistical difference (F=0.260,P=0.781).When the sprayer was changed from ULV1 to ULV2 to decrease the droplet size from 80.89µm to 38.28µm,the effective utilization rate of Aqua Resigen was increased from 20.48% to 76.89%,and the mortality was increased from 74.03% to 99.47%.When the test dose of Aqua Resigen was reduced to 0.006 25 mL/m3,ULV2 spraying conferred a 24-h mortality of Ae.albopictus of 98.27%.Conclusion Within a certain dose range,the dilution rate for ULV spraying of the insecticide formulation can be adjusted according to actual needs,which has little impact on the control of mosquitoes.However,the size of ULV spray droplets greatly affects the performance of the insecticide formulation.Increasing the proportion of droplets smaller than 50 μm can improve the control effect and reduce the waste of insecticides.
  • Effect and economic cost of different intervention measures in Aedes albopictus control in residential areas:A comparative analysis
    LIU Jie, YUAN Jun, HE Shi-yu, LUO Ye-fei, LIANG Xue-ying, JANG Yi-min, CHEN Zong-qiu, HE Zheng, GAN Lu, HU Lai-gui, ZHAO Zheng-yang
    Chinese Journal of Vector Biology and Control. 2022, 33(5): 753-759. https://doi.org/10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2022.05.026
    Abstract ( 162 ) Download PDF ( 1352 )   Knowledge map   Save
    Objective To investigate the control effect of different intervention measures on the density of Aedes albopictus in residential areas,and to provide a reference for usual control of Ae.albopictus.Methods From April to December 2019,a residential area in Guangzhou,China,was selected as the test site,which consisted of four relatively independent and homogeneous residential communities.The four communities were randomly set as control group (A),artificial breeding ground treatment group (B),group treated by Bacillus thuringiensis with mist spraying at breeding sites (C),and group treated by ultra-low volume spraying of pyrethroid insecticides to kill adult mosquitoes (D).Only mosquito monitoring were performed in the control group.Since April 11,the container index (CI) method and the mosq-ovitrap method were used to monitor the density of Ae.albopictus once every two weeks.The first treatment was conducted on May 23,and then different treatment methods were used every two weeks.The area of each treatment,the number of persons dispatched,the time spent on treatment,and the costs of insecticides were record everytime.CI and mosq-ovitrap index (MOI) were calculated,and an analysis of variance was used to compare the control effect of different intervention measures.Results Before treatment,there were no statistically significant differences between the four groups in CI (F=0.114,P=0.948) and MOI (F=0.005,P=0.999).After the first treatment for 14 days,there were statistically significant differences between the four groups in CI (F=602.371,P<0.001) and MOI (F=57.619,P=0.001).After treatment for 14 days,CI of the B group decreased rapidly from 94.29% to 3.70% and then maintained at a relatively low level (CI ≤ 3.70%),and in the D group,MOI decreased from high risk (23.00) to moderate risk (16.00).The cost of renting equipment for one treatment in the B,C,and D groups was 0.91,2.80,and 0.93 yuan/hm2,respectively.There was a difference in the economic cost required by the three intervention measures to reduce CI to low risk,with the lowest cost of 0.91 yuan/hm2 for the B group,and there was also a difference in the economic cost required to reduce MOI to low risk,with the lowest cost of 1.86 yuan/hm2 for the D group.Conclusion B group supplemented by C group can be used as the main measure for usual control of Ae.albopictus density in residential areas,so as to control the density of Ae.albopictus in an economic,environmentally friendly,and efficient manner.
    • Review
  • Advances in research on vaccines for rodent-borne diseases
    FENG Qun-ling, LIU Min, BAI Ying, HUANG Ya-nan, LI Yan, WANG Dan, SHI Wen-long, WANG Si-qi, SI Hai-rui, WANG Hong-hong
    Chinese Journal of Vector Biology and Control. 2022, 33(5): 760-764. https://doi.org/10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2022.05.027
    Abstract ( 151 ) Download PDF ( 933 )   Knowledge map   Save
    Most rodent-borne diseases are naturally occurring zoonotic infections.Rodents pose a serious threat due to their diverse species,wide distribution,and strong reproductive ability.With accelerating urbanization,expanding rodent habitat destruction,and increasing human-rodent contact,the epidemic areas of many rodent-borne diseases are enlarging,which poses greatly challenges to the prevention and control of rodent-borne diseases.Vaccination is the most effective means of disease prevention and control.The development and production of vaccines has greatly eased the pressure on the national health care system.Current vaccines for rodent-borne diseases include traditional (inactivated and live attenuated vaccines) and new (genetically engineered vaccines) types.This paper systematically summarized the progress and future prospects of vaccine development for rodent-borne diseases.
  • Research progress on epidemiological characteristics and detection methods of common tick-borne diseases in China
    WANG Han, CAO Gan, SUN Gang, YANG Xiao, TIAN Cheng
    Chinese Journal of Vector Biology and Control. 2022, 33(5): 765-770. https://doi.org/10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2022.05.028
    Abstract ( 221 ) Download PDF ( 1821 )   Knowledge map   Save
    Ticks are a common group of blood-sucking parasites capable of carrying a variety of pathogens that cause many zoonotic diseases.In recent years,climate change and economic development have led to significant changes in tick-borne diseases,which are receiving increasing attention.Reports of tick-borne diseases continue to appear throughout China,indicating that such diseases are on the rise and pose a risk to human health.Common tick-borne diseases in China include Lyme disease,human granulocytic anaplasmosis,tick-borne encephalitis,severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome,and Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever.This paper introduces the epidemiological status and detection methods of these five common tick-borne diseases to deepen the understanding of tick-borne diseases and to provide a reference for the development of relevant prevention and control measures and further research.
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