20 June 2018, Volume 29 Issue 3
    

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  • Prediction of dengue fever based on back propagation neural network model in Guangdong, China
    REN Hong-yan, WU Wei, LI Qiao-xuan, LU Liang
    Chines Journal of Vector Biology and Control. 2018, 29(3): 221-225. https://doi.org/10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2018.03.001
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    Objective The prediction model of dengue fever based on back propagation (BP) neural network was constructed and verified, which provided a reference for the prevention and control of dengue. Methods Based on the temporal and spatial data of dengue fever epidemics and geographical environment, the spatio-temporal distribution characteristics of dengue fever and the spatial autocorrelation of dengue fever cases were analyzed. Pearson's method was used to analyze the correlation between dengue fever and various influencing factors in Guangzhou and Foshan areas. Then, Matlab 7.0 software was used to complete BP neural network prediction model construction, training and simulation. Results From August to October 2014, the highest incidence of dengue cases in Guangzhou and Foshan area was 90, 386, 456 cases/km2, respectively, and the spatial distribution of the epidemics mainly concentrated in Guangzhou (P=0.001, Z=134.402 5). The global Moran's I index was 0.606 5. In the same month of dengue fever, the local epidemic situation of dengue in Guangzhou and Foshan district was significantly different. The outbreaks of the local cases were correlated to the epidemics of the previous month (July, August and September) (local cases and imported cases), meteorological (temperature, humidity and precipitation), and social (population density, urban and rural residential land, forest, farmland)factors. The correlation coefficient between the predicted value and the true value was 0.773 and the root mean square error was 7.522 0. Conclusion Dengue epidemics in Guangzhou and Foshan areas was not randomly distributed but obviously spatially clustered. The occurrence of dengue fever is influenced by many factors and the BP neural network model can effectively predict the temporal and spatial distribution of dengue fever in Guangzhou and Foshan areas.
  • Exploring the relationship between dengue fever epidemics and social-environmental factors using land use regression model
    ZHENG Lan, LI Qiao-xuan, REN Hong-yan, SHI Run-he, BAI Kai-xu, LU Liang
    Chines Journal of Vector Biology and Control. 2018, 29(3): 226-230. https://doi.org/10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2018.03.002
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    Objective Exploring the influence of socioeconomic factors and environmental conditions on the spatial distribution of dengue fever epidemic is an important basis for effective prevention and control of dengue fever. Methods Predictive variables, included land use data, road density and population density, were involved in modeling within different buffer zone ranges from 0.5 km to 6.0 km, which were established and verified on 150 mosquito monitoring sites. The effects of social and economic factors on the distribution of dengue fever in Guangzhou area were analyzed. Results The results found that dengue fever was significantly correlated with human population density (R2=0.567), road density (R2=0.512), farmland area (R2=0.275), forest area (R2=0.106), and village area (R2=0.041)within the buffer zones of 6, 2, 1, 1, and 2 km. The land use regression (LUR)model with these five variables possessed satisfactory capability of predicting the spatial distribution of dengue fever with the adjusted R2 (0.648)and an appropriate F value 55.944 (P < 0.01). The overall result of the model is good with the fitting accuracy between the predicted value and the measured value (0.728 8). Conclusion The socioeconomic factors have different effects on the spatial distribution of dengue fever epidemics in different ranges. LUR has good ability to predict the spatial distribution of dengue fever and provide an effective method for local public health authorities to allocate precise preventing and control measures.
  • Study on blackfly control by Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis aqueous suspension in the lower reaches of Irtysh River in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China
    BAI Di, LIU Hai-zhou, CAI Quan-xin, YUAN Zhi-ming, ZHANG Jing-chang, CHEN Gui-hong, JIN Yu-hua, CHEN Yan-fang, LIANG Bang-xin, SONG Guang-chao, YAN Jian-ping
    Chines Journal of Vector Biology and Control. 2018, 29(3): 231-234. https://doi.org/10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2018.03.003
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    Objective Application of aqueous suspension of Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis (Bti)on the control of blackfly in the lower reaches of Irtysh River in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region. Methods The pesticidal activity of Bti on blackfly larvae was tested through bioassay and field experiments, respectively. The LC50 and LC90 were computed by the Probit regression analysis method in the SPSS 19.0 software. Results The Bti aqueous suspension is an effective pesticide for blackfly control. The bioassay result suggested the LC50 was 0.034×10-6 g/ml and the LC90 was 0.118×10-6 g/ml. In field tests, the control efficacy of blackfly larvae was more than 83.21% in 12 h and more than 97.07% in 24 h. From 2013 to 2015, the adult population density of blackfly in the continuous application area decreased by 89.43%. Conclusion Bti aqueous suspension is an effective pesticide to control blackfly larvae, which is efficient for the prevention and control of adult blackfly in the lower reaches of the Irtysh River in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region.
  • Epidemiological investigation on echinococcosis infection in small mammals in Shiqu county of Sichuan province, China in 2016
    YANG Shi-jie, LIU Hui, LI Ben-fu, ZI Jin-rong, PENG Jia, WANG Dong, GE Yao, ZHANG Xiong-ying, BA Jian-feng, LIU Qi-sheng, XUE Jing-bo, XIAO Ning
    Chines Journal of Vector Biology and Control. 2018, 29(3): 235-238. https://doi.org/10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2018.03.004
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    Objective To investigate the prevalence of echinococcosis in wild small mammals and to provide baseline data for its effective control and prevention. Methods The tools of clip traps or rope loops were used for trapping the small mammals at Shiqu county, Sichuan province, and then the captured animals were dissected to inspect the infections. SPSS 17.0 and ArcGIS10.1 softwares were applied to analyze the data and address the spatial distribution analysis. Results A total of 4 054 small mammals were collected with an average captured rate of 10.21% (4 054/39 720). The average density of small mammals was 188.56/hm2, and the average prevalence of echinococcosis was 4.93% (200/4 054). There were 2 232 plateau pika (Ochotona curzoniae), 1 792 Qinghai voles (Lasiopodomys fuscus)and 30 Tibetan hamsters (Cricetulus kamensis) among all the captured small mammals. The density of plateau pika population and its prevalence of echinococcosis were significantly higher than those of Qinghai voles (t=2.920, P=0.004; χ2=25.652, P=0.000). The density of small mammals (213.28/hm2)in summer pastures was significantly higher than that in winter pastures (158.77/hm) (t=4.340, P=0.000), and the infection rate in Qinghai voles in winter pastures (4.69%)was significantly higher than that in summer pastures (2.62%) (χ2=4.061, P=0.044). Following different months (April, June, August, October), the infection rates in plateau pika and Qinghai voles were rapidly increased (χtrend2=12.109, P=0.000; χtrend2=3.415, P=0.038). Conclusion The small mammals with echinococcosis in Shiqu county are mainly plateau pika and Qinghai vole. And they are widely distributed with heavy density and high prevalence of echinococcosis. Effective control measures should be implemented to reduce the risk of transmission of alveolar echinococcosis.
  • Survey on Borrelia bacteria in rodents from Bayannur, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
    Wulantuya, Gaowa, YIN Xu-hong, CAO Min-zhi, GUO Sheng-chun, WANG Qiang, Arionjergal, LIU Mei-qin
    Chines Journal of Vector Biology and Control. 2018, 29(3): 239-241. https://doi.org/10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2018.03.005
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    Objective To examine the infection rate and genotype of Borrelia sp. among rodents, we surveyed rodent samples from Bayannur region of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, and to provide basic information of epidemic prevention and risk assessment for local area. Methods During 2015-2016, rodent samples were collected in Bayannur region by the trap-night method, and rodent spleen DNA samples were examined using specific PCR to detect the Borrelia sp. Results A total of 480 rodents were collected from Bayannur, and Meriones meridianus accounted for 174, and M. unguiculatus 124. The results showed that both were the predominant species in these areas. Borrelia sp. were identified from 8 (1.67%)when amplified by PCR targeting flaB gene and 16S rDNA, including 6 cases of M. unguiculatus and 2 cases of Phodopus sungorus, the positive rate were 7.14% and 4.84%, respectively. Sequence analysis of the amplification products showed identification of B. garinii and B. afzelii with 100% homology, respectively. Conclusion In this study, we confirmed the B. garinii and B. afzelii were main pathogens transmitting among rodents in Bayannur region, it is necessary to implement monitoring and prevention of Lyme diseases.
  • Correlation analysis on mutations of chloroquine resistant transporter and multi-drug resistance 1 gene in Plasmodium falciparum imported to Wuhan, China
    ZHOU Shui-mao, LI Lian-jun, JIA Xi-shuai, YANG Yan, XU Ming-xing, CHEN Fang
    Chines Journal of Vector Biology and Control. 2018, 29(3): 242-245. https://doi.org/10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2018.03.006
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    Objective To identify Plasmodium falciparum chloroquine resistant transporter (Pfcrt)point mutations and P. falciparum multidrug resistance 1 (pfmdr1)and their correlation in imported P. falciparum. Methods Blood samples were collected from returnees infected with P. falciparum in endemic areas of Africa and Southeast Asia during 2009-2016 in Wuhan city. The Pfcrt76 gene and pfmdr1 gene were amplified by nested PCR, and the products were digested by restriction endonuclease ApoⅠ, AseⅠ and EcoRv. The mutation rate was analyzed. Results A total of 232 patients with falciparum malaria were involved in the study. The mutation rates for Pfcrt76, pfmdr1 loci 86, 1042, and 1246 were 55.2%, 17.2%, 5.2%, and 8.6% respectively, the total mutation rate for pfmdr1 was 26.3%. The mutation rates for pfmdr1 loci 86, 1042, 1246 and pfmdr1 were 28.6%, 3.8%, 12.4%, and 36.2%, respectively in the samples with mutation in Pfcrt76, but 10.4%, 2.1%, 7.3%, and 17.7%, respectively in the samples without mutation in Pfcrt76 from Africa. The linkage disequilibrium analysis between symptoms and the mutations of Pfcrt76, pfmdr186, 1042, and 1246 were conducted, and the value of D'and r2 were 0.230 and 0.018, 0.290 and 0.004, 0.996 and 0.012, 0.150 and 0.035, respectively, for each mutation. Conclusion The pfmdr1 mutation sites between Africa and Southeast Asia have statistically significant differences. Pfcrt76 was positively correlated with pfmdr1 mutation and pfmdr186 point mutation.
  • Study on the ovarian development characteristics and oviposition dynamics of Chrysomya megacephala
    LUO Qiao, GAO Zheng-hui, LI Sheng-zhen, ZHU Fen
    Chines Journal of Vector Biology and Control. 2018, 29(3): 246-249. https://doi.org/10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2018.03.007
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    Objective To know the impact of the blowfly Chrysomya megacephala on different foods on their ovarian development and oviposition dynamics, to provide a theoretical basis for studying reproductive behavior of the flies. Methods After the adults emerged, the females were allowed to feed on pig manure, pork, cooked eggs and powder milk, and the development of the ovary was observed after feeding at different time. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA)was used to compare the differences in ovarian developmental length when feeding on different foods. Results The flies that fed on cooked eggs and pork, completed ovary development on the 10th and 5th days respectively, while the ovarian development has not yet been seen until 20 days when flies fed on pig manure or powder milk. The ovary length of flies that fed on pork was greater than that in other three groups, the difference was statistically significant (1 d:F=13.054, ν=3, P=0.000; 3 d:F=84.584, ν=3, P=0.000; 5 d:F=42.065, ν=3, P=0.005). The female C. megacephala that fed on pork needed 5 d to complete the ovarian development and began to lay eggs; it began the first oviposition peak on the 7th day, then reached the highest of 16.6 mg on the 9th day, ranging 6.0-10.0 mg. Conclusion The adults C. megacephala which fed the pig manure and milk powder could not complete the ovarian development, the adults that fed on the cooked eggs were slow to develop ovaries. The ovarian development of the pork-feeding adults was the fastest; oviposition dynamics were affected by nutrient sources.
  • Safety evaluation of Beauveria bassiana CF08 strain on Nasonia vitripennis
    HUANG Zhen-dong, WAN Qing, ZHUANG Gui-fen, XUE Zhi-jing, ZHANG Rui-ling, ZHANG Zhong
    Chines Journal of Vector Biology and Control. 2018, 29(3): 250-253. https://doi.org/10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2018.03.008
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    Objective To evaluate the safety of Beauveria bassiana CF08 strain on the fly pupal parasitoid, Nasonia vitripennis. Methods Insect-dipping test and spore-feeding method were used to evaluate the safety of B. bassiana CF08 strain on N. vitripennis larvae and adults. Results After spore-dipping or spore-feeding, the longevities of N. vitripennis female adults were (11.09±0.15)and (10.92±0.15)d, the control group was about (10.99±0.19)d, there was no significant difference among them (F=0.893, P=0.446). The longevity of spore-dipped, spore-fed and control male parasitoids were (5.83±0.09), (5.88±0.03), and (5.75±0.09)d, respectively. There was also no significant difference among the three groups (F=2.614, P=0.152). When the parasitized fly pupae dipped in the spore suspensions of B. bassiana CF08 strain, the parasitoid emergence rate, number of parasitoids emerged per fly pupa and sex ratio were more than 80%, 43 and 90%, respectively. The three indicators of spore-dripping groups and control group had no significant difference. Nasonia vitripennis emerged from spore-dripping fly pupae and control pupae had the same parasitic capacity to B. peregrine pupae. The parasitic rate, parasitoid emergence rate, number of parasitoids emerged from per fly pupa and sex ratio were more than 90%, 80%, 43 and 90%, respectively. There was also no significant difference among the spore-dripping groups and control group. Conclusion Beauveria bassiana CF08 strain had no negative effects on the development of immature stage and longevity of N. vitripennis adults. Exposure to B. bassiana spores at immature stage had no significant effects on the offspring quality of N. vitripennis. The parasitoid and entomogenous fungus could be used in combination for biological control of flies.
  • Investigation and analysis on the overwintering of Aedes albopictus in the containers in Songjiang district, Shanghai, China
    LYU Xi-hong, CHENG Hua, GUO Xiao-qin, FEI Sheng-jun, PANG Bo-wen, LU Wei-wei, GAO Pei-yun, LENG Pei-en
    Chines Journal of Vector Biology and Control. 2018, 29(3): 254-258. https://doi.org/10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2018.03.009
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    Objective To understand the overwintering status of Aedes albopictus and influencing factors in Songjiang district, for providing scientific suggestions for local Ae. albopictus control and prevention in winter season. Methods Cross-sectional study was applied, and water samples of containers were collected randomly in courtyard in 11 sub-districts in Songjiang from January to March in 2017. Then the collected water samples were incubated in artificial climate box for 2 weeks, and the hatching rate and incubation time were recorded, then a statistical analysis was conducted by applying SPSS 16.0 and Excel 2003 software. Chi square test and non-parametric test were used for univariate analysis, binary logistic regression and the generalized linear model analysis were applied for multivariate analysis. Results The overwintering positive rate of Ae. albopictus was 40.27% (60/149). The potential Breteau index (BI)of 11 sub-districts were all over 20, with the lowest of 20.00 and the highest of 66.67. Logistic regression analysis indicated that the positive rate of Ae. albopictus in urban areas was higher than that in rural areas (P=0.018), and the positive rate in temporary water containers and waste tires were higher than that in the fixed water containers (P=0.001, 0.049). Of all 60 water samples with positive incubation, the shortest incubation time was 0.75 d (18 h)and the longest incubation time was 13.00 d, with a median incubation time of 6.00 d. Generalized linear model analysis showed that the incubation time decreased gradually with the increase of months (b=-1.252, P=0.046). Conclusion The overwintering positive rate of Ae. albopictus in water containers in Songjiang district was high, and the temporary water containers and waste tires were the main overwintering places for Ae. albopictus, the incubation time decreased month by month from January to March. Therefore, we should carry out Ae. albopictus control and prevention in winter, this could reduce the density of the mosquito of the next year, which was a critical control and prevention measure for Ae. albopictus.
  • Breeding status of mosquitoes in municipal drainage system of Shanghai, China in 2017
    WANG Fei, GAO Qiang, LYU Xi-hong, LU Jue-lei, LENG Pei-en
    Chines Journal of Vector Biology and Control. 2018, 29(3): 259-262. https://doi.org/10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2018.03.010
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    Objective To explore the breeding status of mosquitoes in rain-water catch basin and sewer inspection pits of Shanghai district, and provide basic data for mosquito control in storm and sewer drainages. Methods Rain-water catch basin and sewer inspection pits of residential areas, parks and roads selected in downtown Shanghai, outskirts of town and suburb, were investigated to learn the mosquito larval breeding situation and the habits in July, 2017. Results Of the 878 basins, 41.69% of which had water, and the positive breeding-rate was 49.73%. The positive breeding-rate of flat grate type and vertical grate type were 50.36% and 47.67%. The average density of mosquitoes was 9.97 per dip. Of the 284 sewer inspection pits, 82.04% of which had water, and the positive breeding-rate was 18.88%, the average density of mosquitoes was 4.85 per dip, the positive breeding-rate of basins was significantly higher than in sewer inspection pits (χ2=57.643, P=0.000). The highest positive breeding-rate in flat grate type and vertical grate type was in residential areas, being 56.46% and 23.23%, the positive breeding-rate in parks were 45.35% and 12.50%; the positive breeding-rate in roads were 35.21% and 7.89%; the difference was statistically significant (χ2=10.433, 6.399, P=0.005, 0.042). There were Aedes albopictus (52.20%)and Culex pipiens pallens/quinquefasciatus (47.80%) breeding in basins. There were Cx. pipiens pallens/quinquefasciatus (70.45%)and Ae. albopictus (29.55%)breeding in sewer inspection pits. Conclusion The rain-water catch basins were important mosquito breeding ground in surface drainage system. The mosquito control of the rain-water catch basins should be strengthened.
  • Comparison and revelation of vector density criteria for urban vector control in 2014-2016, Hubei province, China
    YAO Xuan, XIONG Jin-feng, HUANG Xiao-bo
    Chines Journal of Vector Biology and Control. 2018, 29(3): 263-266. https://doi.org/10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2018.03.011
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    Objective To compare and analyze the results of urban vector control in Hubei province during 2014-2016, to provide basis for city health strategy and urban vector control strategy. Methods To collect the results of the assessment of vector control in 49 cities of Hubei province from 2014 to 2016, then compare and analyze the density indicators of the vector control, on the 4 pests of rodents, mosquitoes, flies, and cockroaches. Results Four projects to control the density of rodents, mosquitoes, flies and cockroaches, by one-time assessment full compliance rate was 89.80%. The main reason for the non-one-time standard was that the fly density control failed to reach the level C. In full compliance city, rodent, cockroach density control level was rated grade B, accounted for 57.14% and 59.18%. The main level of control of mosquito and fly density was grade C, and the proportion of density was 69.39% and 67.35%, respectively. The difference between the items was statistically significant (H=71.103, P=0.000); rodents, mosquitoes and flies got relatively lower composition ratio of level A. The rodent and fly prevention facilities, and the mosquito density in small-scale ponding were difficult to control. Conclusion The density of city vector should be controlled within the national standard. There is a need to strengthen organizational leadership and establish the quality control mechanism. Departments should coordinate and motivate the participation of the public. The management of city vector should be on the basis of the implementation of the control standard, enhancement of the key and the difficult points, as well as the overall level.
  • Investigation on the biting midges in different habitats in Nanchang, China, 2009-2012
    LIU Yang-qing, LIU Xiao-qing, YU Yi-xin
    Chines Journal of Vector Biology and Control. 2018, 29(3): 267-270. https://doi.org/10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2018.03.012
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    Objective In order to determine the diversity, distribution and seasonal dynamics of biting midges in different habitats of Nanchang city, China. Methods Biting midges were collected using a UV light traps with a suction fan, monthly collections were made during 2009-2012. Trapping was carried out twice a month (one was in the first ten-days of a month and the another was in the last ten-days of the month, and there were at least 15 days apart) from sunset to sunrise the following day throughout the study periods. Results A total of 63 874 biting midges were collected in 2009-2012. Eight genera (Dasyhelea, Atrichopogon, Forcipomyia, Lasiohelea, Culicoides, Alluaudomyia, Stilobezzia, and Bezzia)including 88 species were identified. Dasyhelea was the main genus in residential area 's habitats (36.07%)and hospital habitats (43.50%); Forcipomyia and Dasyhelea were the predominant genera in park habitats, comprised 34.04% and 31.92%, respectively. Culicoides was the predominant genera in residential area's habitats and animal shelters, comprised of 49.14% and 86.35%, respectively. Culicoides and Lasiohelea were the main blood sucking biting midges in Nanchang city, and they comprised 41.79% of the total number of collections. There were two stationary active seasons, peaking in July and September, in a year. Biting midges were recorded from March to November in 2009 to 2012. Conclusion Biting midges are abundant and widespread in human and livestock living environments, and the transmission risk of Culicoides-borne viruses exists.
  • Characteristics of community structure and species distribution of mosquitoes in Suzhou city of Jiangsu province, 2011-2015
    MA Zhen-hong, CHEN Xue-liang, GU Deng-an
    Chines Journal of Vector Biology and Control. 2018, 29(3): 271-273. https://doi.org/10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2018.03.013
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    Objective To analyze the characteristics of community structure and species distributions of mosquitoes in Suzhou city based on the vector surveillance data from 2011 to 2015, and provide evidence for mosquito control. Methods The light traps were used to investigate the mosquitoes at communities, gardens, hospitals in the urban district, and farmhouses, pigsties in the rural area from April to November. The data were analyzed with SPSS 14.0 and Excel 2003 softwares. Results The community of mosquitoes is composed by 5 genera 11 species in Suzhou city. Culex pipiens and Cx. tritaeniorhynchus were the predominant species respectively in the urban district and countryside. The index of biological diversity and the evenness index was the highest in the farmhouses habitats, respectively reaching 1.16 and 0.56. The dominance index was 0.76 in hospital, and it was the highest in all of 5 habitats. The index of mosquito community similarity between garden and hospital was the highest, reaching 0.999 9. It was 0.990 5, 0.990 4, 0.901 8 respectively between communities and hospital, between communities and gardens, between farmhouses and pigsties. The lowest was between communities and pigsties, only 0.246 3. Conclusion Culex pipiens pallens and Cx. tritaeniorhynchus are the major species to be controlled in Suzhou city. Farmhouses and pigsties in countryside are the important habitats for prevention and control of mosquitoes.
  • Analysis on species composition and fauna about flies in Shenzhen, China, in 2010-2015
    LIU Yang, ZHANG Shao-hua, LIANG Zhuo-nan
    Chines Journal of Vector Biology and Control. 2018, 29(3): 274-278. https://doi.org/10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2018.03.014
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    Objective To investigate the species and fauna of the flies in Shenzhen city. Methods During 2010-2015, sweeping net and fly-trap were used to collect flies in Shenzhen city, specimens were identified to establish species list, historical documents were collected to analysis fauna. Results A total of 77 species of flies were obtained from Shenzhen city (38 genera, 3 families). Five species were first collected in Guangdong province, 22 species were new recorded to Shenzhen city. There were 25 oriental species, 13 oriental and palearctic shared species, 12 oriental, palearctic and Australian shared species, 27 the rest groups species. There were 18 southern China species, 14 central and southern China shared species, 11 widespread species, 7 widespread (without Qinghai Tibet region)species, 27 the rest groups species. Conclusion The fauna of flies in Shenzhen city is complex, groups in the Oriental Region are distinctly predominant, southern China species and central-southern China shared species constitute most fly species in Shenzhen city.
  • Study on the fumigation effect of sulfuryl fluoride on Blattaria's ootheca with different dose and time
    LYU Jie-yi, HE Zhen-yi, DING Guo-yun, LIU Xie, WU Hua-ju, ZHANG Cai-zhi, WANG Chen
    Chines Journal of Vector Biology and Control. 2018, 29(3): 279-282. https://doi.org/10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2018.03.015
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    Objective To study the fumigant effect of sulfuryl fluoride on Blattaria's ootheca and to explore the relationship of the dose and time. Methods We separated the oothecas of Periplaneta americana into different groups in the laboratory. We used sulfuryl fluoride to fumigate them and then observed their hatching situation. All the experimental data were fitted by the trend surface model and verified by field experiment. Results The trend surface model of the ootheca of the P. americana was statistically significant (F=26.776, P<0.000 1, R2=0.918). The model effectively predicted the dose and time relationship of the Blattaria's oothecas killed by sulfuryl fluoride. The field killing rate of the ootheca was 100% based on the initial concentration of 36 g/m3, the dosage of 2.7 kg and the fumigation time of 20 h which according to the predicted dose-time data and fumigation dose formula. Conclusion According to this study, we calculated the optimal dose-time model of sulfuryl fluoride to kill the Blattaria's ootheca. And we can guide the port to carry out fumigation and insecticide work of containers more effectively.
  • Evaluation on construction of “mosquito-free village” in Pujiang county, Zhejiang, China
    WU Hong-zhao, LIU Ying, HUANG Wen-zhong, LING Feng, LOU Yong-jin, SUN Ji-min, GONG Zhen-yu, HOU Juan, CHEN En-fu
    Chines Journal of Vector Biology and Control. 2018, 29(3): 283-286. https://doi.org/10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2018.03.016
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    Objective To investigate and evaluate the constructive process and effect of vector control which based on the construction of "mosquito-free village" in Xuexiazhuang village, Pujiang, Zhejiang province, and then to provide experience for mosquito control in rural areas. Methods The adult and larval densities were monitored with lamp traps and 100-household index respectively from April to October in each year from 2016 to 2017. A random sampling method was adopted to select 50 households in pilot and control villages from which one family member was surveyed. The face-to-face questionnaire was about the anti-mosquito related knowledge, attitude and behaviors. Examination and evaluation of construction mode of "mosquito-free village" was deeply explored via the method of interview, data review, on-site observation. Results Monitoring results of Xuexiazhuang village from April to October 2017 showed that the adult mosquito density was 0.50, 0.50, 0, 0, 0.75, 0, 0 individual per lamp trap per night, respectively, and the 100-household index was 18.00, 4.00, 4.00, 2.00, 0, 2.00, 2.00. The awareness rates of anti-mosquito and correct behavior formation reached 82.80%, higher than that in the control village (67.80%). The construction of "mosquito-free village" is much more institutionalized and standardized than before, and the long-term mechanism has been formed. Conclusion The mode of rural mosquito control based on "mosquito-free village" can effectively reduce the density of mosquitoes. Formation of institutionalized, standardized long-term mechanism of "mosquito-free village" construction work may provide reference for a much more scientific, effective, low cost and sustainable development of vector control in rural areas in the future.
  • A new species and a new record of hematophagous midges (Diptera: Ceratopogonidea) from Guangdong province, China
    WU De, LIU Guo-ping, SUN Jiu-feng, TAN Qi-qi, ZHANG Xin, ZHANG Huan, ZHOU Hui-qiong, LIANG Guo-dong
    Chines Journal of Vector Biology and Control. 2018, 29(3): 287-289. https://doi.org/10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2018.03.017
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    A new species and a new record of hematophagous midges, Culicoides enpingensis Wu et Liu, sp. nov., and C. calcaratus Wirth et Hubert, 1989 (new record in China)were described from Enping city of Guangdong province in China. Culicoides enpingensis Wu et Liu, sp. nov. is similar to C. lunchiensis Chen et Tsai, 1962, but distinctly different in the shapes of pale spots in cell R5, and base portion anal cell of wing; distal portion of aedeagus with a pair ear salient, and obtuse round at tip; parameres with hairy tip of male C. lunchiensis Chen et Tsai, 1962. The type specimens were deposited in the Shenyang Command Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Shenyang 110034).
  • Classification of Culicoides (Sinocoides) and a new species from China (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae)
    WU Chun-guang, LIU Guo-ping
    Chines Journal of Vector Biology and Control. 2018, 29(3): 290-292. https://doi.org/10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2018.03.018
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    The paper reports 9 species of Culicoides (Sinocoides)in China, a new species C. (S.)jinghongensis Wu et Liu, sp. nov. was described. The new species is closely allied to C. (S.)multifarious Liu, Gong et Zhang, 2003, but it is distinctly different from the numbers and shape of pale spots in cell R5 and anal cell of wing female C. (S.)jinghongensis Wu et Liu. The distribution of known species in China and mean values of certain numerical characters were recorded. The key list and shape figures to females of C. (Sinocoides)were given. The type specimens were deposited in the Shenyang Command Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Shenyang 110034).
  • Study on epidemiological characteristics of animal plague in Hebei province, China
    MA Yong, DU Guo-yi, ZHOU Song, LIU Guan-chun, YANG Shun-lin, WANG Hai-feng, ZHANG Yi-hui, YANG Jian-ming, YAO Jian-kun, CUI Shu-xue, XIE Shu-jun
    Chines Journal of Vector Biology and Control. 2018, 29(3): 293-295. https://doi.org/10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2018.03.019
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    Objective To explore the epidemic factors of animal plague in Hebei province, China, and provide scientific basis for the prevention and control of plague. Methods The materials were collected and rodents were tested by "four step test" of plague, and the fleas were tested by group method or single stomach pulling method. Results A total of 240 358 rodents were tested, and 123 positive plague materials were found. Five of 14 856 vectors tested positive for Yersinia pestis. There were 7 animal plague prevalent years in Hebei province. Conclusion The prevalence of animal plague epidemic occurred intermittently in plague natural foci of Hebei province, the main change of hosts was a primary cause of animal plague, especially the gerbil density in animal plague epidemic years.
  • Investigation on natural infection of rodent-borne pathogens in rodent populations in Urad port area, Inner Mongolia, China in 2015
    JIN Mu-zi, HAO Guang-fu, WANG Jing, LI Juan, HAN Dan, ZHANG Sheng, TIAN Li
    Chinese Journal of Vector Biology and Control. 2018, 29(3): 296-297. https://doi.org/10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2018.03.020
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    Objective To study the harborage situation of rodent-borne pathogens in rodent populations in Inner Mongolia Urad port in 2015. Methods To collect the rodents with trap-night method and identify the 14 pathogens in rodents by PCR method. Results From April to June in 2015, in Urad port area, we captured 44 rodents, including 42 of Allactaga sibirica, 1 of Mus musculus, and 1 of Phodopus sungorus. Among the five-toed jerboas (A. sibirica), 17 samples tested positive for Bartonella nucleic acid, 2 samples positive for Coxiella burnetii nucleic acid, and negative for other pathogens. Conclusion In Urad port area, the predominant rodent is A. sibirica, which carries Bartonella and Rickettsia Coxiella burnetii. The monitoring of human infection and related diseases should be strengthened in the future.
  • Surveillance on plague in Baoshan city, Yunnan, China, 2008 -2015
    LI Yan-ping, HUANG Dong-sheng, ZHAO Ming, MA Yun-liang
    Chines Journal of Vector Biology and Control. 2018, 29(3): 298-302. https://doi.org/10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2018.03.021
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    Objective To analyze the status on plague hosts, vectors and their densities in Baoshan city, in order to provide scientific evidences for preventing and controlling plague. Methods The cages and rat clips were used for capturing the rodents at township surveillance sites among the 5 counties, Baoshan city, and the densities of rodents, flea index, and the percent of rodents carrying fleas were calculated. Plague F1 antibody was tested by IHA. The rodents' liver-and spleen-tissue were cultured for the Yersinia pestis. R version 3.4.2 software was used for analyzing the data. Results A total of 19 504 rodents were captured, belonging to 3 orders, 7 families, 19 genera and 25 species (Subfamily). The average indoor and outdoor rodent infestations was 0.84% and 0.95%, respectively. A total of 13 978 of captured rodents were examined and there were 4 749 rodents carried the fleas, the examined fleas were 21 species from 5 families and 15 genera, the average flea infected rate was 33.97%, the flea infected rate were different among rodents (χ2=749.167, P=0.000), and also there were significant differences among different areas (χ2=5 016.086, P=0.000). No plague bacterial was isolated among cultured 18 392 rodent samples, and all 5 380 sera samples tested negative. Conclusion The plague hosts, vectors and their densities have been kept at a relative stable level in recent years. However, the plague surveillance should be intensified for timely monitoring and responding to its outbreak risks.
  • Evaluation on the growth of Yersinia pestis on 5 kinds of culture medias
    FENG Jian-ping, GUO Wen-tao, YANG Jian-guo, LI Cun-xiang, ZHAO Hai-hong, JIN Xing, XIN You-quan, JIN Li-xia, XIONG Hao-ming, QI Zhi-zhen
    Chines Journal of Vector Biology and Control. 2018, 29(3): 303-304. https://doi.org/10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2018.03.022
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    Objective To observe the growth of Yersinia pestis on different kinds of culture media and screen for high quality culture media. Methods Make 5 kinds of culture media (Hiss Agar, Nutrient Agar, Sulfite Agar base, Hemolysis Agar Base, and Agar Hottinger nutrient)according to the instructions and pour into plates. Inoculating 0.1 ml Y. pestis suspensions on the prepared plate, calculating viable bacteria after 48-hour cultivation under 28℃ and observing the growth of Y. pestis on different culture media. Results There is no significant difference among Hiss Agar, Nutrient Agar and Sulfite Agar base. And the difference between Hemolysis Agar Base and Agar Hottinger nutrient was not significant either. The first three culture media and the following two culture media were also not significantly different. Hemolysis Agar Base and Agar Hottinger nutrient were superior to other culture media Hiss Agar, Nutrient Agar, Sulfite Agar base on growth of Y. pestis. Conclusion All the five culture media can be used for culture of Y. pestis, but Hemolysis Agar Base and Agar Hottinger nutrient were superior to the others.
  • Survey on vectors in the Water Sport Event in the 13th National Games in China
    ZHAO Yang, XU Ming, WANG Wei-na
    Chines Journal of Vector Biology and Control. 2018, 29(3): 305-306. https://doi.org/10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2018.03.023
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    Objective To know the habitats and population distribution of the main vectors for the Water Sport Event in the 13th China National Games, to provide basis of making scientific control measures. Methods According to The protocol of vector surveillance in Tianjin, developing the survey of the habitats and population distribution of the main vectors in the Water Sport Event from June to July 2017. Results The main vectors in the Water Sport Event in the 13th National Games were mosquitoes and rodents. There was potential risk of mosquito breeding in river bank, landscape belt and demolition zones. The mosquito densities were 38.50 and 43.96 mosquitoes per light trap per hour. The reed marshes and small-scale pond provided the breeding places for mosquito larvae, the indexes were 12.00 and 9.17 larvae per dip. Rodents prevailed at 2.15% and 1.54% capture rate in the demolition zones. Conclusion The careful surveillance of the main vectors provided basis for making effective integrated control measures, and it is the key factor of successful vector control for the Water Sport Event in the 13th National Games in China.
  • Resistance of Musca domestica to commonly used insecticides in Shaoxing city, China in 2017
    JIANG Guo-qin, HE Xue-jun, LI Jin
    Chines Journal of Vector Biology and Control. 2018, 29(3): 307-308. https://doi.org/10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2018.03.024
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    Objective To investigate the resistance of Musca domestica to commonly used insecticides in Shaoxing city, Zhejiang province, provide guidance in the control of M. domestica. Methods Musca domestica were collected from the main district of Shaoxing during August-September 2017. WHO recommended topical application method was used to determine the resistance levels of M. domestica, which were the age of 4-5 d after eclosion, to five insecticides (propoxur, DDVP, β-cypermethrin, permethrin, deltamethrin). Results Musca domestica in Shaoxing city showed different levels of resistance to the five insecticides. Statistics revealed that the resistance to propoxur could not obtain results by using topical application method. The median lethal dose (LD50) of the adult flies against deltamethrin, DDVP, β-cypermethrin and permethrin were 0.064 64, 3.117 46, 0.231 42, and 0.180 47 μg/♀, and the resistance ratios were 71.82, 68.82, 64.28, and 16.71-fold, respectively; the resistance to deltamethrin was the highest. Conclusion Musca domestica in Shaoxing city have developed resistance to five insecticides in different levels. Insecticides resistance surveillance should be highlighted for rational use of insecticides.
  • A study on construction of big data management in infectious disease control
    YANG Bo, WANG Hai-tao, ZHANG Ting-ting, ZHANG Wen, CAO Li-na, LI Wen-ping, LUO Cheng-wang
    Chines Journal of Vector Biology and Control. 2018, 29(3): 309-312. https://doi.org/10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2018.03.025
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    Objective To explore the management framework of genomic big data and to better serve infectious disease outbreak investigation and public health surveillance. Methods Scientific and legislative papers in the areas of genomic epidemiology and genomics in public health were extensively collected and reviewed. The Delphi method was used to consult experts on the summarization of the management factors and construction of information management platform. Results The collaborative management system including data management scheme, reagent and consumables information management platform and microbial genome database was constructed preliminarily. The reagent and consumables information management platform consisted of management department, laboratory department and company, which was connected to the genome database. It would keep data updated and shared in a timely manner. It could be 8-9 days faster than the traditional management model. The basic framework and functional division of the two platforms were drafted. It has set up to change its traditional extensive management and greatly improved the efficiency of scientific research. Conclusion The management of big genome data should be helpful to strengthen the management with informatization, standardization and specialization. It would provide statistical data for other projects, as well as audit department and enhance the service function.
  • Application of insect chemical ecology on the prevention and control of public health pests
    HAO Hui-ling
    Chines Journal of Vector Biology and Control. 2018, 29(3): 313-316. https://doi.org/10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2018.03.026
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    Insect chemical ecology is an important part of chemical ecology, it is not only significant in terms of theoretical research, but also play an important role in agricultural and forestry pest management. Public health pests, which closely related to human health have developed some special chemical ecological patterns that is different from phytophagous insects, they are adaptive to the complex environment in some ways such as morphology, behavior, metabolism, and reproduction. Pheromone, functional botanical compounds, and some environmental factors as signals are indispensable for the oviposition or feeding of insects. This paper presents a review about the application of insect chemical ecology on the prevention and control of mosquitoes, flies, and cockroaches. Some viewpoints and countermeasures are put forwarded too.
  • Application of omics approaches in insecticide resistance mechanism research
    WEI Mo, TANG Jian-xia, ZHU Guo-ding, CAO Jun
    Chines Journal of Vector Biology and Control. 2018, 29(3): 317-320. https://doi.org/10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2018.03.027
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    The widespread use of insecticides in the field of pest control in public health and agriculture has led to the emergence of insecticide resistance as an inevitable result of evolution. Insecticide resistance management and the development of new insecticides all rely on the research on the mechanism of insecticide resistance. With the development and application of new technologies, such as genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics and metabolomics, many new advances have been made in insecticide resistance mechanisms. In this article, the application of related omics approaches in insecticide resistance research was reviewed, and the significance and application prospect of omics study in insecticide resistance research were summarized.
  • Construction and application of internet-based electronic library network of vector specimen in Ningbo, China
    WANG Gui-an, MA Xiao, YANG Si-jia, CHEN Xiao-ying, SUN Bin, ZHU Guang-feng
    Chines Journal of Vector Biology and Control. 2018, 29(3): 321-324. https://doi.org/10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2018.03.028
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    Objective To understand the distribution of vector species in Ningbo area, managing specimens library with internet technology to improve the identification of the vector species. Methods Through the investigation of disease vectors to establish the internet-based electronic specimen library, achieving rapid species comparison and identification. Results The establishment of the internet-based electronic specimen library has improved the convenience and accuracy of identifying vector species. Through the establishment of the main vector distribution map in Ningbo area, the research ability of the vector borne diseases has been enhanced, which promoted the public popular science of vector-borne diseases. Conclusion The internet-based electronic specimen library has carried on the beneficial exploration for informatization construction, provided materials for guiding the vector surveillance and research work.
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