20 December 2017, Volume 28 Issue 6
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  • Reports on national surveillance of rodents in China, 2006-2015
    WU Hai-xia, LU Liang, MENG Feng-xia, GUO Yu-hong, LIU Qi-yong
    Chines Journal of Vector Biology and Control. 2017, 28(6): 517-522. https://doi.org/10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2017.06.001
    Abstract ( 613 ) Download PDF ( 1437 )   Knowledge map   Save

    Objective To understand species, population density,and seasonality of rodents in human habitats and surroundings in China and provide the avenue for risk assessment, prevention and control of rodents and rodent-borne diseases. Methods The surveillance data of rodents by snap traps from 41 national surveillance sites were collected between 2006 and 2015. The species composition, density, and seasonal as well as annual fluctuations of different species of rodents in different habitats, provinces were compared. Results Percentage of Rattus norvegicus and Mus musculus together was 77.91%; density of R. norvegicus was 0.59 rodents per 100 snaps per night and was the highest, and M. musculus was the second and density was 0.23. As a whole, the density of rodents was decreasing from 2006 to 2015. The density of rodents from villages in the countryside was the highest, followed by that from the specific habitats such as food processing facilities, restaurants, granaries, etc. For each species, the density was highest in villages. Density of M. musculus in villages was obviously higher than those in the other two monitored habitats. Density in Hainan province was 3.00 and was the highest; the second was in Jilin, and third in Hubei province. There was a mild peak among the seasonal fluctuations of total rodents. The higher density was from March to October. There were two peaks during the seasonal fluctuation of R. tanezumi. Each species had different curve of seasonal fluctuation. Conclusion Rattus norvegicus and M.musculus were the predominant rodent species in human habitats and surroundings in China. The density of rodent was decreasing since 2006, but surveillance can——t be slackened. More attentions should be paid on rodent control in villages in the rural areas, for the density of rodent was higher in this kind of habitats. There was no obvious peak density during the seasonal fluctuation of rodents. The seasonal fluctuations of every species in different habitats and in different year were different. So, it was necessary to choose a best-use control program based on surveillance of rodents.

  • Design of integration scheme of the key national surveillance data on bio-safety
    YUE Yu-juan, REN Dong-sheng, WANG Jun, LIU Qi-yong
    Chines Journal of Vector Biology and Control. 2017, 28(6): 523-525. https://doi.org/10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2017.06.002
    Abstract ( 361 ) Download PDF ( 997 )   Knowledge map   Save
    Objective To formulate relevant standards and specifications, and then to design integration plans for the key national surveillance data on bio-safty. Methods The integration scheme was proposed based on data characteristics. Results Based on the analysis of the characteristics of the existing national important bio-safty surveillance data, the multi-source, multi-platform, multi-scale and dynamic data were extracted, sorted, transformed, and integrated according to the rules of spatio-temporal features and biological characteristics, and then the database, which has the characteristics of wide coverage, unified structure and standard and complete content, was formed. Conclusion The integration scheme based on spatio-temporal features and biological characteristics, can effectively achieve the integration of national important surveillance data. It can provide strong support for data query and visualization platform construction of the key national surveillance data on bio-safty.
  • Comparative efficacy of four adult mosquito surveillance tools in Yongcheng city
    CHEN Chuan-wei, LIU Qi-yong, WEI Shi-cheng, LIU Ji-qi, GUO Yu-hong, REN Dong-sheng, ZHU Li, LIU Xiang, LUO Yun-dong, SHEN Yang, LIU Jing-li, LI Gui-chang, LIU Xiao-bo, TANG Zhen-qiang
    Chines Journal of Vector Biology and Control. 2017, 28(6): 526-529. https://doi.org/10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2017.06.003
    Abstract ( 426 ) Download PDF ( 1139 )   Knowledge map   Save
    Objective To compare the effectiveness of 4 adult mosquito sampling methods. Methods All the experiments were carried out in sheepfolds during mosquito active season around-the-clock continuously for 2 circles rotating positions one by one in Yongcheng city, Henan province. The mosquitoes were collected and sorted separately in the daytime (09:00-18:00) and nighttime (18:00-09:00 the next day). Results The results in the daytime did not give us any specific indication except all the tools did not work well as surveillance tools during daytime. All the monitoring tools caught the main mosquito species in the residential areas at nighttime, but all of them had the unexpected other insects especially the most in Kung Fu Xiao Shuai. Kung Fu Xiao Shuai showed excellent results in trapping Culex tritaeniorhynchus and Anopheles sinensis; BGS-trap and WJ-C captured a small number of mosquitoes; Maisicui caught a variety of mosquito species with the appreciable density for surveillance work. Conclusion Kung Fu Xiao Shuai might be a good surveillance tool for Cx. tritaeniorhynchus and An. sinensis; Maisicui could work as a good mosquito surveillance tool in general; this study can be used to evaluate the mosquito monitoring tools partially and the selection and replacement of monitoring tools need further efficacy evaluation.
  • Molecular evolution analysis of mitochondrial DNA cytochrome C oxidase subunitⅠgene among nine mosquito species
    GUO Xiu-xia, CHENG Peng, LIU Li-juan, SHI Qi-qi, WANG Hai-fang, ZHANG Chong-xing, WANG Huai-wei, GONG Mao-qing
    Chines Journal of Vector Biology and Control. 2017, 28(6): 530-534. https://doi.org/10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2017.06.004
    Abstract ( 331 ) Download PDF ( 992 )   Knowledge map   Save
    Objective To explore gene characteristics of mitochondrial DNA cytochrome C oxidase subunitⅠ (mtDNA-COⅠ) in nine common mosquito species and analyze the corresponding phylogenetic relationship of these mosquitoes. Methods Nine species of mosquitoes (Culex pipiens pallens, Cx. tritaeniorhynchus, Cx. bitaeniorhynchus, Aedes albopictus, Ae. vexans, Anopheles sinensis, Armigeres subalbatus, Mansonia uniformis, Coquillettidia ochracea) were collected with man-bait net trap from Beihu area of Jining district in 2016 and identified in the laboratory. Single mosquito genomic DNA was extracted from each species and mtDNA-COⅠ was specifically amplified by PCR and sequenced. Gene sequences were blasted in GenBank, compared and analyzed by Bioedit 7.0 and DNAman. The gene traits, transversion rates, and divergence times were analyzed by DNAStar、ClustalX 1.81 and Mega 6.0. The phylogenetic tree was constructed. Results The amplified mtDNA-COⅠfragments of nine species of mosquitoes were 528 bp with (A+T)contents 65.72%-69.32%. There were 375 conserved sites, 153 variable sites, 104 parsimony informative sites and 49 singleton sites in the sequences. The transversion rates were from 3.409% to 9.470%, and the divergence times were from 1.482×106a to 4.117×106a. The nucleotide sequence homology among the different mosquito species were 84.28%-92.94%. Molecular phylogenetic study showed that different species were clustered at their own branch at genus level, which was consistent with traditional morphological identification. Conclusion mtDNA-COⅠ can serve as a useful classification and identification molecular marker for different mosquito species and genus, providing a molecular method for the identification and phylogenetic analysis of the mosquitoes.
  • Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 25 imported Zika cases in mainland China
    WANG Ya-li, ZHANG Xiao-yi, REN Rui-qi, LI Chao, XIANG Ni-juan, TU Wen-xiao, SUI Hai-tian, LI Jian-sen, ZHANG Meng, CHEN En-fu, WANG Quan-yi, LIU Xiao-qing, HU Jian-li, GUO Da-cheng, NI Da-xin
    Chines Journal of Vector Biology and Control. 2017, 28(6): 535-537. https://doi.org/10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2017.06.005
    Abstract ( 439 ) Download PDF ( 1213 )   Knowledge map   Save
    Objective To understand the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 25 imported Zika cases in Mainland China, and to provide reference for the prevention and control of Zika disease. Methods Collect the information of 25 imported Zika cases in mainland China, and use descriptive study to analyze the characteristics of demography, epidemiology, clinic, and laboratory. Results Among 25 imported Zika cases, 17 cases (68.0%) came from Venezuela, the median age of all cases was 30, the ratio of male to female was 1.5:1, and half the number of cases (12/25, 48.0%) engaged in commercial services. The border quarantine and health follow-up were the main methods to discover the imported cases (each found 9 cases). All cases had skin rash, and the proportion of conjunctivitis and fever was 64.0% and 52.0%, respectively. In laboratory test, the positive rate of urine sample was 92.0%, followed by saliva sample (80.0%) and blood sample (60.0%). Conclusion Strengthening the health education for people who will enter the Americas and other epidemic countries, and consolidating the border screening and inspection of travelers from the Zika epidemic areas will help to prevent and control Zika in China. Skin rash and positive result of urine sample can be considered as important references to the diagnoses of Zika disease.
  • Study on effects of drought events on infectious diseases in Shandong province
    XUE Xiao-jia, LI Xue-wen, LI Xiao-mei, DING Guo-yong, LIU Qi-yong
    Chines Journal of Vector Biology and Control. 2017, 28(6): 538-542. https://doi.org/10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2017.06.006
    Abstract ( 334 ) Download PDF ( 1510 )   Knowledge map   Save
    Objective To understand the relationship between infectious diseases and drought events and to screen the indicative infectious diseases associated with drought in Shandong province. Methods The drought-indicative infectious disease was identified by ecological trend study in Jinan, Qingdao, Weifang, Taian, Juxian, and Huimin county in Shandong province. The Wilcoxon rank sum test was used to compare the morbidity of infectious diseases between exposure and reference periods. Then, the negative binomial regression model, the zero-expansion negative binomial regression model and the zero-expansion Poisson regression model were applied to fit the relationship between the morbidity of infectious diseases and drought. Results Multivariate analysis regression models showed that the risk of amebic dysentery, measles and Japanese encephalitis (JE) were increased after the drought (OR=2.457, 95%CI:1.609-3.752; OR=2.206, 95%CI:1.436-3.388; OR=1.192, 95%CI:1.058-1.344), and the lagged periods were 3, 0, 1 months. However, the risk of bacillary dysentery, hand, foot and mouth disease, measles and tsutsugamushi disease declined after the drought (OR<1), and the lagged periods were 2, 2, 0, 3 months. Conclusion Drought-associated infectious diseases in Shandong province were bacterial dysentery, amoebic dysentery, hand, foot and mouth disease, measles, rubella, JE, and tsutsugamushi disease.
  • The detection of bacteria carried by Periplaneta americana from different environment by next generation sequencing
    SHAN Zhen-ju, QIU De-yi, CHEN Jian, YUE Qiao-yun
    Chines Journal of Vector Biology and Control. 2017, 28(6): 543-549. https://doi.org/10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2017.06.007
    Abstract ( 289 ) Download PDF ( 1763 )   Knowledge map   Save
    Objective Establish an efficient method for detection of bacteria carried by Periplaneta americana both inside and outside with next generation sequencing (NGS) platform. The P. americana were collected from different environment, and the relationship between the P. americana-carrying bacteria to its living environment was analyzed as well. Methods During August and September in 2016, P. americana were collected from the port, hospital and residential areas of Zhongshan, 16S rDNA V3-V4 was selected as the target gene. Bacteria carried by P. americana both inside and outside was studied by NGS method. Results Periplaneta americana collected at the port area were identified 1 564 OTU, 123 genera, 36 species of bacteria; 1 779 OTU, 136 genus, 48 species of bacteria from the P. americana collected at the hospital area, 1 786 OTU, 131 genus, 42 species of bacteria from the P. americana collected at the residential area. The number of bacteria detected by NGS method was more than that of traditional methods. Through the analysis of species diversity and cluster analysis, the samples in the same environment cannot be aggregated completely. Conclusion 16S rDNA V3-V4 variable region was suitable for detection of bacteria carried by P. americana, NGS technology can be used to detect a variety of pathogenic bacteria of P. americana both inside and outside. Compared with traditional methods, the bacterial species detected by NGS were far beyond the traditional methods and were easy to operate; By cluster analysis of the samples, it has no obvious relationship between the bacteria carried by P. americana to its living environment.
  • Investigation on natural foci of Lyme disease in Lyuliang area, Shanxi province
    HOU Xue-xia, ZHANG Lin, LI Guo-hua, HAO Qin
    Chines Journal of Vector Biology and Control. 2017, 28(6): 550-552. https://doi.org/10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2017.06.008
    Abstract ( 345 ) Download PDF ( 1138 )   Knowledge map   Save
    Objective Investigateon on vectors was carried out to identify the natural foci of Lyme disease in Nanyanggou forest area of Fangshan county of Lyuliang, Shanxi province. Methods Flagging and trapping methods were used to collect ticks, BSKⅡ media was used to isolate Lyme spirochetes from ticks. MLSA method was used to genotype the isolates. Results About 300 ticks were collected from Nanyanggou forest area, including Ixodes persulcatus, Haemaphysalis concinna, and Dermacentorm marginatus. Ixodes persulcatus was the predorminant species, which was accounted for 80% among the ticks. Two strains were isolated from I. persulcatus and H. concinna, respectively. MLSA analysis showed that 2 strains isolated from ticks belonged to Borrelia garinii. Conclusion There exists natural foci of Lyme disease in Lyuliang, Shanxi province. Detailed survey on people, vector and rodents should be carried out to provide data for prevention and control of Lyme disease in this area.
  • Host rodent and gene characteristics of Hantavirus in main endemic areas of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome in Hebei province
    WANG Yan, WEI Ya-mei, HAN Xu, HAN Zhan-ying, CAI Ya-nan, QI Shun-xiang, LI Qi
    Chines Journal of Vector Biology and Control. 2017, 28(6): 553-556. https://doi.org/10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2017.06.009
    Abstract ( 389 ) Download PDF ( 1401 )   Knowledge map   Save
    Objective To investigate the distribution and the gene characteristics of Hantavirus (HV) carryied by rodents in the epidemic area of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS). Methods According to the distribution of hemorrhagic fever in Hebei province, six areas were selected as the focus research areas. The residential area and the field of six regions above were sampled respectively and night trap method was used for catching the rodents. The multiplex genotype RT-PCR was used to detect the HV genotype. Results During 2015 and 2016, the field average rodent density was 0.44%, and residential average rodent density was 2.77%. The difference was statistically significant (χ2=317.995, P<0.001). Rattus norvegicus was the predominant in residential areas and field, accounted for 84.12% and 92.50% of the total catch, respectively. The average positive rate was about 2.85% (35/1 228), the positive rate of the rodent in residential area was about 2.98% (33/1 108), the rate of rodent with virus was 1.67% (2/120), the positive rate of rodent in residential area was higher than that in the field, the difference was statistically significant (χ2=37.780, P<0.05). All viral isolates belonged to SEOV. Conclusion Rattus norvegicus was predominant species, which is the main source of infection of local HFRS. SEOV was the predominant genotype carried by host animals.
  • Integrated application of risk matrix method and Borda sequence value method to assess the risks of vectors for 2016 International Horticultural Exposition
    YUN Ling, WANG Fu-cai, ZHANG Qiu-fen, GAO Qing-hua, WANG Xiu-ying, LI Shu-shuang, SHANG Xiu-li, CHAO Yi-shu, LIU Yuan-yuan, DONG Rong-xuan
    Chines Journal of Vector Biology and Control. 2017, 28(6): 557-560. https://doi.org/10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2017.06.010
    Abstract ( 427 ) Download PDF ( 1101 )   Knowledge map   Save
    Objective To assess and prevent the risks caused by vectors and the vector-borne disease during 2016 International Horticultural Exposition. Methods Judging the hazard caused by vectors and the risk classification of vector-borne diseases by risk assessment index matrix method and Borda sequence value method. Results It was high risk for the vector biting and infestation and food poisoning caused by vectors, it was middle risk for the cable damage and communication and power facility disruption. The prevalence of Japanese encephalitis (JE), malaria, plague, and hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) were at high risk. The prevalence of dengue fever, yellow fever, filariasis, Zika virus disease, leptospirosis, murine typhus, and tsutsugamushi disease were at middle risk. Food poisoning caused by vectors ranked the first in vector harm by Borda sequence value method, vector biting and infestation and communication and power facility disruption by vectors ranked the second. JE, malaria, and HFRS ranked the first in vector-borne diseases. Dengue fever, yellow fever, filariasis, Zika virus disease, leptospirosis, murine typhus, and tsutsugamushi disease ranked the forth. Plague ranked the eleventh. Conclusion The integrated application of risk matrix and Borda count is effective in assessing the risk levels of the hazards caused by vectors and the vector-borne disease, and therefore is worthy of wide promotion.
  • Effectiveness of ultra-low-volume spray application for the control of Aedes albopictus
    LIU Li-ping, LIU Xu-zhen, NI Xiu-feng, ZHAO Xiao-ming, DENG Hui, CHEN Xi-yan, QIN Bing, LI Guo-qiang, WU Jun, CAI Song-wu, LIN Li-feng
    Chines Journal of Vector Biology and Control. 2017, 28(6): 561-563. https://doi.org/10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2017.06.011
    Abstract ( 335 ) Download PDF ( 1184 )   Knowledge map   Save
    Objective To assess the mosquito-killing effect of ultra-low-volume spraying machine during night and day in community and Zhongshan Park at Shaoguan, and provide the scientific basis to choose scientific and effective mosquito-killing technology. Methods Used the large vehicle-mounted ultra-low-volume machine spraying pesticide to kill mosquitoes in Shaoguan communities and park environment, respectively during night and day, then evaluated mosquito-killing effect of applying pesticide spray during night and day by Mosq-ovitrap positive index (MOI) and human-bait of monitoring Aedes density before and after applying pesticide. Results After ultra-low-volume spraying during night and day respectively at villa of Shaoguan Country Garden, human-bait index was reduced by 98.19% and 76.85%, MOI by 81.15% and 43.86%; at park, human-bait fell by 76.47% and 77.78% respectively, and MOI fell by -58.54% and 76.33% respectively. Human-bait relative density index of nighttime, daytime spraying at villa was 3.90 and 14.25 respectively, MOI was 38.48 and 24.47; human-bait relative density index at park was 33.82 and 44.44, MOI was 99.09 and 45.68. Conclusion The ultra-low-volume spraying in Shaoguan community environment at nighttime was significantly better than daytime spraying, but in Zhongshan Park the results were similar. In community environment, nighttime ultra-low-volume spraying, compared with spraying during the day, can effectively kill mosquitoes and keep mosquito-borne diseases at low density level, and has a certain application prospect.
  • Effect analysis of fly monitoring by sweet and sour bait at different weights
    XU You-xiang, WANG Shao-hua, ZHANG Shu-zhi, FANG Wei, LENG Pei-en
    Chines Journal of Vector Biology and Control. 2017, 28(6): 564-566. https://doi.org/10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2017.06.012
    Abstract ( 489 ) Download PDF ( 1048 )   Knowledge map   Save
    Objective To explore the effect of different weight groups of sugar and vinegar bait to monitor fly density and provide scientific basis for control of flies. Methods During March-November 2015, the author selected 4 habitats of Jiading Park, residential area, restaurant and farmer's market were selected, trapping was conducted by fly cage, fly density was calculated and analyzed using Excel 2003 and SPSS 13.0 software to test the density of flies in different weight groups by means of rank and test. Results Five families of flies were captured, which belonged to 25 genera and 42 species. Twelve species of flies were identified by national vector surveillance program (Trial Implementation), accounting for 51.49% of the total catch. The predominant species consisted of Mascina stabulans, Boettcherisca peregrina, Lucilia sericata, Aldrichina grahami, Musca domestica, and L. illustris. The density of flies increased with the increase of bait weight, and the difference was statistically significant (HC=9.188, P<0.05). Flies began to appear in March and disappeared in November. The seasonality showed peaks in June and October. The highest density of flies was observed after 1 d of sweet and sour bait. Conclusion The species, density, distribution and seasonal dynamics of flies were obtained by using sweet-sour bait to monitor flies.
  • Path analysis of the relationship between the resistance level and enzyme activity of field population of Blattella germanica in Hebei province
    HAN Xiao-li, HUANG Gang, WANG Xi-ming, WANG Yan, MA Li-hua, GAO Wen
    Chines Journal of Vector Biology and Control. 2017, 28(6): 567-571. https://doi.org/10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2017.06.013
    Abstract ( 478 ) Download PDF ( 1024 )   Knowledge map   Save
    Objective The activities of acetylcholinesterase, multifunctional oxidase, carboxylesterase and glutathione-S-transferase in the field populations and susceptible populations of Blattella germanica were determined. Correlation coefficient and path coefficient were used to explain the relationship between enzyme activity and resistance levels of different insecticides. To explore the resistance mechanism of field populations of B. germanica in Hebei province. Methods During 2014-2015, adults and nymphs of B. germanica. were collected in 8 cities of Hebei province, 2-3 weeks old adults were reared indoors. The activities of enzyme activities were measured by physiological and biochemical methods, and the relationship between enzyme activity and resistance level was analyzed by correlation and path analysis. Results The resistance level of Chengde B. germanica populations to chlorpyrifos was the highest, the resistance index was 25.32 times. The resistance of level to cypermethrin and the beta-cyfluthrin in the B. germanica populations of Thangshan was the highest, with the resistance index of 37.45 and 23.92 times respectively. The activity of CarE and MFO-oxygen-demethylation in the wild populations were significantly higher than that in susceptible populations, and activity of AChE and GSTs were different. The relationship between resistance level and enzyme activity of path analysis showed that CarE activity had a major enhancement effect on the resistance level of chlorpyrifos, and the decision coefficient was 0.122 8. The MFO activity has a major contribution in the resistance level to beta-cyfluthrin and cypermethrin. The decision coefficient was 0.283 8 and 0.512 1 respectively. Conclusion Carboxylesterase was related to chlorpyrifos resistance in field populations of B. germanica. Acetylcholinesterase was associated with resistance to chlorpyrifos and cypermethrin. Multifunctional oxidase was associated with resistance to cypermethrin and beta-cyfluthrin. Glutathione-S-transferase had little effect on the resistance level of the three insecticides in field populations of B. germanica in our province.
  • Investigation on the resistance of Aedes aegypti and Ae. albopictus to several insecticides in Ruili city, Yunnan province
    LAN Xue-mei, ZHENG Yu-ting, DONG Chao-liang, LIU Yong-hua, YIN Xiao-xiong, YANG Ming-dong, JIANG Jin-yong
    Chines Journal of Vector Biology and Control. 2017, 28(6): 572-575. https://doi.org/10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2017.06.014
    Abstract ( 426 ) Download PDF ( 1103 )   Knowledge map   Save
    Objective To investigate the resistance of Aedes aegypti and Ae. albopictus to insecticides in Ruili city, Yunnan province, to provide the basis for integrated control of dengue vector. Methods Larvae of Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus were collected in Ruili city and Jiegao port and reared in laboratory to get F1 generation, to test their susceptibility to different kinds of insecticides by bioassays. The resistance level was decided by adjusted mortality. Results The 24 h mortality rate of adult Ae. aegypti in Ruili city to 0.25% permethrin, 0.03% λ-cyhalothrin, 8.00% α-cypermethrin, 0.80%malathion, 0.25% fenitrothion, 0.10% propoxur, and 4.00% DDT were 1.40% (resistant), 20.12% (resistant), 80.31% (suspicious resistant), 100% (susceptible),100% (susceptible), 100% (susceptible) and 14.93% (resistant)respectively. The 24 h mortality rate of adult Ae. aegypti in Jiegao port to above insecticides were 0.55% (resistant), 2.13% (resistant), 62.35% (resistant), 100% (susceptible), 100% (susceptible), 100% (susceptible) and 0 (resistant) respectively. In addition, the 24 h mortality of adult Ae. albopictus in Ruili city to 0.75% permethrin, 1.80% λ-cyhalothrin, 8.00% α-cypermethrin, 0.10% deltamethrin, 3.00% beta-cypermethrin, 0.44% malathion, 0.18% fenitrothion and 0.06% propoxur were 8.11% (resistant), 83.85% (suspicious resistant), 75.18% (resistant), 4.97% (resistant), 89.13% (suspicious resistant), 99.23% (susceptible), 100% (susceptible) and 100% (susceptible) respectively. Conclusion Aedes aegypti and Ae. albopictus in Ruili city have developed different levels resistance to pyrethroid insecticides, but present high susceptible to malathion, fenitrothion and propoxur.
  • Flea fauna studies in Liaoning province
    GUAN Yu-hui, ZHANG Jia-yong, WANG Chun-yu, DING Jun, BAI Yu-yin
    Chines Journal of Vector Biology and Control. 2017, 28(6): 576-582. https://doi.org/10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2017.06.015
    Abstract ( 318 ) Download PDF ( 1192 )   Knowledge map   Save
    Objective To study faunal characteristic of flea in Liaoning province. Methods Field collection and supplement literature, investigation on flea in different natural geographic regions in Liaoning province during 2008-2015, the collected flea specimens were systematically classified. Using the principles and methods of animal geography and physical geography to study the distribution of fleas in different animal geography areas in Liaoning province. Results In total 47 species, 6 families 23 genera of fleas were found in Liaoning province, of which 19 species of grassland fleas, 17 species of forest fleas, 6 species of worldwide distribution, and 5 species of local distribution. In the distribution of the world flora, and 16 species shared with Oriental world the most common and the most closely related, followed by the new North sector of 9 species. And all the other groups of fleas were worldwide species, the relationship was distant. There are 46 species of fleas in Northeast Asia, 42 species of subcontinent in Central Asia, 35 species of Siberian subfamily, 9 species of subcontinent in Asia and 7 species of subcontinent in suburbs. Therefore, Liaoning and Siberia shared, the largest number of fleas and the most closely related, followed by the European sub-community, and the Mediterranean Asia with less connection; there are 41 species of flea, 42 species in North China, 38 species of Mengxin district, 15 species of Qinghai-Tibet area, 15 species of central area, 10 species of southwest area and 9 species in southern China. Conclusion Fleas, like other natural elements, are an integral part of the environment, the distribution of fleas in each animal's geographical area is the result of adaptation to the natural geographical environment.
  • Sero-epidemiological survey of indicator animals in the quiescent stage of domestic rodent-maintained epidemic focus of plague in Yunnan province
    DUAN Biao, HONG Mei, SU Chao, GUO Mu, WU He-song
    Chines Journal of Vector Biology and Control. 2017, 28(6): 583-585. https://doi.org/10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2017.06.016
    Abstract ( 330 ) Download PDF ( 1056 )   Knowledge map   Save
    Objective By investigating the positive rate of F1 antibody in indicator animals in the quiescent stage of domestic rodent-maintained epidemic focus of plague in Yunnan province, the hidden epidemic situation and dynamic in the quiescent stage of plague were discussed. Methods From November 11, 2015 to July 22, 2016, the sample collection of plague indicator animals was carried out in Lancang, Midu, Yiliang, and Lianghe counties in Yunnan province, and employed the IHA laboratory testing of F1 antibody for the serum-collection of plague indicator animals (dog/cat). Results In four historical epidemic areas of plague of Lancang, Midu,Yiliang, and Lianghe counties in Yunnan province, 393 samples of animal sera were collected, including 387 dogs and 6 cats. The serum-collections of plague indicator animals'F1 antibody detection tested all negative. Conclusion The possibility of the plague epidemic in this region was meager, and sero-epidemiological survey of indicator animals in the quiescent stage makes a huge difference in the plague prevention and control work.
  • Study on Yersinia-like bacteria in the plague natural foci of Hebei province
    SHI Xian-ming, DU Guo-yi, YOU Dian-ping
    Chines Journal of Vector Biology and Control. 2017, 28(6): 586-588. https://doi.org/10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2017.06.017
    Abstract ( 363 ) Download PDF ( 1141 )   Knowledge map   Save
    Objective To detect the homologous bacteria or mutant strains of Yersinia pestis bubonic plague during the resting period of plague. Methods Meriones unguiculatus were captured by clamping method and Citellus dauricus were captured by bow clamp method in Kangbao rangeland monitoring station of the plague natural foci of Hebei province during May to June in 2016. The intestine and the tip of the tongue were sampled, and Jerson 's bacteria were isolated. Morphological and biochemical identification and PCR identification were carried out. Results In total 93 of 363 samples were found positive for strains of Y. pestis of TSI. But PCR did not validate it. Conclusion There were closely related bacteria to Y. pestis in the natural foci of plague. Further identification of three sugar iron positive strains is needed.
  • Epidemiological analysis of rabies post-exposure prophylaxis in Tianjin, China, 2009-2016
    LIU Yi-fang, LYU Jie, SU Cheng
    Chines Journal of Vector Biology and Control. 2017, 28(6): 589-591. https://doi.org/10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2017.06.018
    Abstract ( 300 ) Download PDF ( 1047 )   Knowledge map   Save
    Objective To provide evidence for rabies control and prevention by investigating the epidemiological characteristics of rabies post-exposure prophylaxis in Tianjin, China, from 2009-2016. Methods The data of 85 rabies post-exposure prophylaxis and human rabies cases were collected. Excel 2007 was used for data entry and SPSS 22.0 for Chi-square test and Mann-Kendall test. Results A total of 636 286 cases were reported with an average of 558.20/100 000 during 2009-2016 in Tianjin. The difference among annual exposure rate was statistically significant (χ2=9 016.882, P=0.000). The exposure rate of degree Ⅱ wound showed an upward trend (Z=2.230, P<0.05). The number of incidents from May to August constituted 43.50% of all the incidents. The exposure rate was higher in males (χ2=223.512, P=0.000). The exposure rate in 0-14 years of age was 117.13/100 000, the highest rate during all age groups. Dog bites constituted 82.28% of all exposures. The number of person with degree Ⅱ exposure accounted for 70.67%, 52.35% of the wounds were on the upper limb. Clinical wound cleaning constituted 86.60% of the wounds and 99.80% of the exposed persons were inoculated with rabies vaccines. The inoculation rate of passive immunizing agents showed an upward trend but only 31.48% of persons with degree Ⅲ exposure was given. Conclusion We should standardize the outpatient treatment relying on the establishment of post-exposure prophylaxis clinics. The health education and intervention should be strengthened.
  • Investigation on the dynamic change of mosquito fauna during the process of the second capital airport construction in Langfang, Hebei province
    HAO Shi-bin, XIA Hong-wei, ZHAO Qi, XIN Wei, ZHANG Feng-xi, WANG Yan
    Chines Journal of Vector Biology and Control. 2017, 28(6): 592-593. https://doi.org/10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2017.06.019
    Abstract ( 332 ) Download PDF ( 806 )   Knowledge map   Save
    Objective Through the investigation and analysis to understand the impact of capital's second airport construction in Langfang on adult mosquito species, quantity, distribution and seasonality, provide reference for prevention of mosquito-borne diseases. Methods In the construction area of the suburban airport of Langfang, mosquito light trap with CO2 was used during 2015-2016. Excel and DPS v15.6 software were used to analyze mosquito density and its seasonal trend. Results In total, 4 925 mosquitoes were captured in the second capital airport construction of Langfang area during 2015-2016. The predominant species was Culex pipiens pallens accounting for 53.63%, followed by Cx. tritaeniorhynchus, Aedes albopictus and Armigeres subalbatus. Density peak at August, mosquito's density was the highest in livestock shed. Conclusion The mosquito density was high, according to the results of the investigation, the scientific prevention and control of mosquito-borne diseases needs to be strengthened.
  • Survey of distribution and population density on dengue vector mosquito in Honghe prefecture, China
    PU Shu-wei, LI Jian-jie
    Chines Journal of Vector Biology and Control. 2017, 28(6): 594-596. https://doi.org/10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2017.06.020
    Abstract ( 377 ) Download PDF ( 915 )   Knowledge map   Save
    Objective To investigate the distribution and population density of dengue vector mosquito in 13 counties or cities of Honghe prefecture, providing scientific evidences for Aedes-borne diseases control. Methods The investigation of population density of Aedes mosquito larva was conducted using house index (HI), container index (CI), and Breteau index (BI), respectively. Results Only Ae. albopictus was found; in the residential areas, the average HI was 0.04, the average CI was 0.02 and the average BI was 4.15; the highest density in 13 counties was Kaiyuan city (20.80), the second was Honghe county (16.40). In the key locations, the HI was 0, the CI was 0.04, and the BI was 0.25; and in those of 13 counties, the highest BI was Honghe county (7.81), the second was Yuanyang city (5.56). The waste tires and buckets were the major breeding containers, accounting for 46.88% and 28.82% in total of the positive containers respectively. Conclusion Aedes albopictus is distributed in 11 counties except Lyuchun and Luxi, and in those the larval density of Kaiyuan, Honghe, Hekou, and Mile were higher. More attention should be paidby local relevant authority to prevent local dengue transmission due to the imported dengue case.
  • Surveillance on flies in Changping district of Beijing, 2012-2016
    HE Hong-guo, LIU Shuo, ZHANG Li-wen, WANG Jian, ZHANG Bo, ZHANG Shu-qun, LI Hong-tong
    Chines Journal of Vector Biology and Control. 2017, 28(6): 597-599. https://doi.org/10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2017.06.021
    Abstract ( 292 ) Download PDF ( 966 )   Knowledge map   Save
    Objective To analyzes the population composition and seasonal fluctuation of flies in Changping district, Beijing from 2012 to 2016 and provide the basis for flies control. Methods The cage trapping method was ued to capture flies from April to October during 2012-2016. The surveillance sites were chosen in the farmer's market, outdoors of restaurant, the green belts of park, the residential area, the hospital and the hotel in different locations in Changping district. The captured flies were counted and identified, and density calculated. Results In total 6 273 adult flies were captured from 2012 to 2016 and the average density of flies was 3.73 flies/cage. The highest density was found in 2015 (5.98 flies/cage) and the lowest was found in 2016 (1.63 flies/cage). Helicophagella melanura (41.11%), Muscina stabulans (22.88%), and Lucilia sericata (19.34%) were the predominant species. The highest density of flies ground was found in green belt (10.66 flies/cage) and the lowest was found in hotels and restaurants (0.51 flies/cage). Conclusion Integrated control measures with chemical and physical methods before activity peaks should be taken to substantially reduce the density of flies and incidence of fly-borne diseases.
  • A comparative study on hatching active eggs of Oncomelania hupensis in soil by three methods
    TIAN Jian-guo, LI Gui-fu, PENG Li-xia, JIANG Shou-fu, ZHANG Xiao-ping, LI Jun
    Chines Journal of Vector Biology and Control. 2017, 28(6): 600-602. https://doi.org/10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2017.06.022
    Abstract ( 346 ) Download PDF ( 1028 )   Knowledge map   Save
    Objective To explore an easy and feasible method for hatching snail eggs in soil where snails existed. Methods On May 8th, 2016, 20 soil samples were taken from Qingpu district where snails existed, and 3 units of soil which weighed 500 g respectively were used to carry on the experiment to hatch snail eggs in each piece of soil. The three methods included hatching snail eggs directly in the natural conditions, hatching eggs with improved conditions and hatching eggs with stable temperature. Kappa test was used to analyze the consistence of the results of the three methods. Kruskal-Wallis test was used to compare the hatching time, and χ2 test was used to compare the three rates of hatching eggs. Results There was a statistical significance between methods with stable temperature and improved conditions in temperature (t=7.309, P=0.000). There were statistical significances in periods of hatching snail eggs among the three methods by Kruskal-Wallis test (χ2=269.340, P<0.001). There was no statistical significance in hatching rates with the three methods (χ2=5.880, P=0.053). Conclusion All the three methods can hatch snail eggs in the soil where snails existed, while the method hatching snail eggs directly under natural conditions canbe used as a complementary method since it needed simple experiment conditions.
  • Study of identification methods for arthropod bloodmeal donor based on molecular biology
    LIU Ying, SUN Ji-min, LING Feng, LU Miao-gui, SHI Xu-guang, REN Jiang-ping, ZHANG Rong, CHEN En-fu
    Chines Journal of Vector Biology and Control. 2017, 28(6): 603-607. https://doi.org/10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2017.06.025
    Abstract ( 310 ) Download PDF ( 1169 )   Knowledge map   Save
    Hematophagous arthropods are important vectors for vector-borne diseases. The identification of hematophagous arthropods'hosts is critical to exploration of vector-borne disease ecology and further control measures. The strategy of bloodmeal identification is effective to ascertain arthropod hosts. With the development of molecular biology technology, DNA-based methods, which include PCR, DNA sequencing, restriction fragment length polymorphism, reverse line blot hybridization, and DNA fingerprinting, enhanced the specificity and sensitivity of hematophagous arthropod bloodmeal identification greatly. This paper reviewed the principles, advantages and disadvantages of molecular protocols for detection of host DNA, which might help to provide reference for the prevention and control of related vector-borne diseases.
  • Advances in studies of acetylcholinesterase gene mutations associated with insecticide resistance in mosquitoes
    LU Jing, CHENG Peng, GONG Mao-qing, SHEN Bo, ZHU Chang-liang, CUI Wen, TAN Wen-bin
    Chines Journal of Vector Biology and Control. 2017, 28(6): 608-611. https://doi.org/10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2017.06.026
    Abstract ( 331 ) Download PDF ( 1169 )   Knowledge map   Save
    Intensive use of organophosphate and carbamate insecticides has led to the development of resistance in mosquitoes. Acetylcholinesterase (AChE)insensitivity to organophosphate and carbamate insecticides has been identified as a major resistance mechanism in mosquitoes. This paper reviewed the progress of AChE gene mutations associated with insecticide resistance in mosquitoes. The AChE structure characteristics, the functional sites of AChE genes and the effect of mutation on insecticide resistance were detailed. Finally, the prospects in the studies of mosquito AChE were analyzed.
  • Using the predisposing reinforcing and enabling causes in educational diagnosis and evaluation (PRECEDE) model design the health education program on controlling plague in Zhangjiakou city
    ZHANG Yi-hui, LI Lin-chen, NIU Yan-fen, LIU He-zhi, HU Le-le, CHEN Kai-le, SHI Xian-ming, GAO Bao-ping, LI Lin-jun
    Chines Journal of Vector Biology and Control. 2017, 28(6): 612-614. https://doi.org/10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2017.06.027
    Abstract ( 343 ) Download PDF ( 1350 )   Knowledge map   Save
    With the development of regional economy and the tourism in Zhangjiakou city, the way of health education for control of plague has changed. In this paper, using the predisposing, reinforcing, and enabling causes in educational diagnosis and evaluation (PRECEDE)model and the investigation data, combined with the related research results, a health education program was designed on controlling plague based on the sociology, epidemiology, behavioral diagnosis, and educational diagnosis, to establish suitable health education program of plague prevention in Zhangjiakou city.
  • A retrospective study of positive detection of serum F1 antibody against plague
    WANG Zai-shan, XIE Shu-jun, SHI Xian-ming, DU Guo-yi
    Chines Journal of Vector Biology and Control. 2017, 28(6): 615-615. https://doi.org/10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2017.06.023
    Abstract ( 279 ) Download PDF ( 971 )   Knowledge map   Save
  • Investigation and disposition of the infestation of Pediculus humanus capitis in a school, Beijing
    HUANG Ru-ting, GUO Yu, LI Xiao-gui, HU Wei-wei, ZHANG Jian-jun
    Chines Journal of Vector Biology and Control. 2017, 28(6): 616-616. https://doi.org/10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2017.06.024
    Abstract ( 338 ) Download PDF ( 1065 )   Knowledge map   Save
  • Introduction of the Ningbo vector biology information platform based on the geographical information system
    YANG Si-jia, MA Xiao, ZHANG Liang, WANG Gui-an, SUN Bin, ZHU Guang-feng, XU Ming, CHEN Xiao-ying, ZHANG Tao
    Chines Journal of Vector Biology and Control. 2017, 28(6): 617-620. https://doi.org/10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2017.06.028
    Abstract ( 321 ) Download PDF ( 1787 )   Knowledge map   Save
    Objective To establish the Ningbo city vector biology information platform based on the geographic information system (GIS). Methods According to the vector surveillance plan of Zhejiang province, the surveillance points were set up and the data were reported. Taking ArcGIS 10.2 as the foundation of the system, based on the Java integrated environment, the GIS module was set up to integrate the control platform system using ArcGIS core components. The data transfer and performance between the GIS component and the database program was achieved by the service function published by ArcGIS. Results The main function of the GIS module includes the establishment and management of the database, the statistical graph, the bidirectional query and retrieval of the graph and attributes data, and the statistical analysis of the data. Conclusion The establishment of the GIS based vector biology information platform in Ningbo city can realize the information management for vector biology, and provide scientific basis for vector-borne disease control.
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