20 August 2017, Volume 28 Issue 4
    

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  • Study on the seasonal dynamics and insecticides resistance of Aedes albopictus larvae,in Shanghai,2015-2016
    LIU Hong-xia, ZHU Jiang, LIU Yao, XU Jin-qiu, LENG Pei-en
    Chines Journal of Vector Biology and Control. 2017, 28(4): 305-307. https://doi.org/10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2017.04.001
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    Objective To understand the seasonal dynamics of Aedes albopictus larvae and their insecticides resistance distribution in Shanghai and provide science evidence for rational application of insecticides. Methods Density of Ae. albopictus larvae was surveyed by Breteau index(BI) method and Mosquito and oviposition positive index (MOI) method in residential areas, green areas, indoors of public areas and other institutions once a month. Larvae resistance was tested by dipping method recommended by WHO. Results Aedes albopictus had one peak in Shanghai in 2015-2016, and the peak was from June to July. The highest BIs were 6.50 and 6.18 in 2015 and 2016, respectively. The highest MOIs were 10.72 and 6.60 in 2015 and 2016, respectively. The Ae. albopictus larvae showed medium to high resistance to Deltamethrin and beta Cypermethrin, and the highest resistance ratios were 77.00 and 81.00 in Putuo district respectively. Larvae developed low to medium resistance to propoxur, and low resistance to temephos. Conclusion It is necessary to strengthen density and resistance surveillance of Ae. albopictus, and choose insecticides reasonably to delay the development of insecticide resistance and improve control efficacy.

  • Investigation and analysis on the breeding of Culex pipiens pallens larvae in an outdoorwater treatment testing system in Shanghai,China
    CHEN Qi, MA Ming-hai, HUANG Min-sheng, LENG Pei-en
    Chines Journal of Vector Biology and Control. 2017, 28(4): 308-313. https://doi.org/10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2017.04.002
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    Objective Investigating the quantity and variation of Culex pipiens pallens larvae to weather condition, and water quality in an outdoor water treatment testing system in Shanghai, China. Methods Collecting mosquito larvae and pupae during May 10th to November 27th in 2015 and April 4th to August 31th in 2016, and recording the daily temperature, precipitation, weather, analyzing the TN, TP, TOC, BOD5 of water samples at the same time. Results The density of larvae started to increase when the daily minimum temperature reached 13.0℃, peaked when the daily temperature ranging 19.0 to 28.0℃, and collapsed after the daily maximum temperature higher than 31.0℃. The rapid increasing of density was accompanied with wet or cloudy weather, while the decreasing period was accompanied with sunny day or heavy rainfall. The correlation of Cx. pipiens pallens larvae density and TN, TP, TOC, BOD5, comprehensive pollution index of water quality was relatively positive. Conclusion Water quality, daily minimum and maximum temperatures and weather have impact on the breeding of Cx. pipiens pallens, especially daily maximum temperature.
  • Effect of larval nutritional regimes on the physiological condition and sugar feeding behavior of Culex pipiens pallens
    YU Bao-ting, HU Yin, LIAN Liu-qing, SONG Xiao-gang, DING Yan-mei, MO Jian-chu
    Chines Journal of Vector Biology and Control. 2017, 28(4): 314-317. https://doi.org/10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2017.04.003
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    Objective To investigate the effect of larval nutritional regimes on the body size, physiological condition and sugar feeding behavior of Culex pipiens pallens adults. Methods Culex pipiens pallens larvae, which were collected from water pools in the urban residential areas of Hangzhou city in August, 2014, were reared with three diet regimes, and the wing length and body weight of newly emerged adults, as well as the contents of glycogen, lipid and protein, were determined. Newly emerged adults from different larval nutritional regimes were provided with glucose solution as sugar source, and the temporal change of proportions of sugar-fed mosquitoes was determined. Results The wing length of newly emerged female and male mosquitoes from different groups was 4.26-3.57 mm and 3.53-2.99 mm respectively, their body weight was 3.16-1.53 mg and 1.95-1.12 mg respectively, the differences were statistically significant between these larval nutritional regimes (P<0.05). The content of sugar from individual newly emerged female and male mosquitoes was 41.76-19.90 μg and 39.62-14.66 μg respectively; the content of lipid was 48.23-17.48 μg and 52.36-9.42 μg respectively; the content of protein was 59.82-24.85 μg and 68.07-34.23 μg respectively; the energy reserves of newly emerged female and male Cx. pipiens pallens were 3.70-1.58 J and 3.68-1.03 J, respectively. The proportion of sugar-fed newly emerged mosquitoes from rich larval nutritional regimes was highest among the groups, which was 70.80% for females and 53.30% for males, and the values continuously increased since adults emerged. Conclusion The wing length and body weight, as well as the content of sugar, lipid and protein, were different in newly emerged female and male Cx. pipiens pallens from different nutritional regimes; the abundance of larval food could significantly affect the body size, physiological condition of Cx. pipiens pallens adults and their tendency to sugar sources.
  • Study on the discharge dynamics of Gasterophilus spp.larvae after administration of ivermectin
    JIN Dong-mei, HUANG He-qing, BU Lan, WANG Zhen-biao, ZHANG Dong, LIU Shan-hui, LI Kai
    Chines Journal of Vector Biology and Control. 2017, 28(4): 318-321. https://doi.org/10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2017.04.004
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    Objective The discharge dynamic models of Gasterophilus spp. larvae were established by fitting the number of larvaeshedding from the equids after taking ivermectin. According to the models, the peaks of larvae discharge were predicted, which could help the collection of fresh maggots. Methods Three domestic horses and three Przewalski's horses were randomly selected and were kept in small enclosures separately. Maggots of each animal was harvested per unit time after taking ivermectin, the average rates of discharge larvae were calculated for both domestic and Przewalski's horses. Quadratic, Compound and Cubic models were used to fit the dynamics of larvae discharge. Results Among the three fitting models, the Cubic models were the best models to fit the discharge rate of the larvae (domestic horses:adjusted R2=0.837; Przewalski's horses:adjusted R2=0.940). The regression equations of the dynamic fitting of domestic and Przewalski's horses were:Yd=-1.302 766+0.075 436t-0.001 177t2+0.000 006t3 (27.6 ≤ t ≤ 87.9), Yp=-1.178 999+0.071 902t-0.001 157t2+0.000 006t3 (25.7 ≤ t ≤ 84.7). According to the regression equations, the peak values of domestic and Przewalski's horses were 49.0 h and 47.1 h. Conclusion The efficacy was not related to the equine species and infection intensity of Gasterophilus spp. larvae. The regression equation quantified the early observations, the conclusion could help to improve the collection efficiency and obtain fresh maggot samples, which laid a foundation for further study.
  • Identification of 49 common fly species in Calliphoridae based on DNA barcodes
    QIU De-yi, LIAO Jun-lei, WEI Xiao-ya, YUE Qiao-yun
    Chines Journal of Vector Biology and Control. 2017, 28(4): 322-331. https://doi.org/10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2017.04.005
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    Objective To establish the DNA barcoding identification techniques for 49 common fly species in Calliphoridae, and provide references data for the identification of these species with DNA barcodes, as to solve the difficulties in the accurate identification of the females, individuals with lost morphological features, and larvae of these species. Methods Totally 166 individuals in Calliphoridae were identified with the morphological characters which were collected from different areas in China during 2012 to 2015, DNA barcodes of the males and females were obtained, an N-J tree was constructed in combination with published data. Consistency of the identification results by morphology and DNA barcodes were tested as well. Results All the 166 sequences of these 49 species were submitted to the public data base, DNA barcodes sequences of 28 species were obtained for the first time. The differences of the intra-species was less than 1%, and the inter-species DNA barcode differences increasing with the morphology differences, and the identification results based on DNA barcodes were consistent with that based on morphology. Conclusion The application of DNA barcodes were strong supplemental to the morphology identification of the species, especially to the incomplete, non-adult and female individuals, and can increase accuracy of identification, and it is very important for the rapid and accurate species identification of the medical vectors at the ports.
  • Genetic polymorphisms and phylogenetic relationships of Mus musculus based on sequences of mitochondrial DNA D-loop
    HU Shuang-shuang, LU Yong-chang, WU Bing-yao, YANG Qing-gui, CAI Jia, HE Jiang, SUN Li-xin
    Chines Journal of Vector Biology and Control. 2017, 28(4): 332-335. https://doi.org/10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2017.04.006
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    Objective To understand the polymorphisms of D-loop gene from Mus musculus collected in Jiangsu ports, and provide support for the species identification of rodents from frontier port. Methods The D-loop genes from M. musculus were amplified, sequenced, aligned, analyzed genetic polymorphism and created genetic evolutionary tree. Results Twenty-one D-loop gene sequences were obtained from M. musculus, all of M. musculus shared 17 haploid type, 533 loci were measured in every sequence. There were 488 conservative loci and 41 mutation loci, the nucleotide differences number was 14.752 38 on average. The genetic evolutionary tree was created for 21 M. musculus, the genetic evolutionary tree can be divided into three branches. Conclusion Nucleotide polymorphism from M. musculus is rich. The high genetic diversity was indicated within M. musculus, which had a connection with geographical distribution.
  • Spatiotemporal distribution of scrub typhus in Guangzhou,China from 2006 to 2015
    LIU Yan-hui, LI Qiao-xuan, JING Qin-long, LI Tie-gang, REN Hong-yan
    Chines Journal of Vector Biology and Control. 2017, 28(4): 336-339. https://doi.org/10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2017.04.007
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    Objective To analyze the spatiotemporal distribution of scrub typhus in Guangzhou city from 2006 to 2015, and provide the distribution information to the prevention and control of epidemic. Methods Data of scrub typhus cases from 2006 to 2015 were collected and used to analyze the prevalence by gender, occupation and age groups, calculate the incidence and describe the distribution of time and population. The spatial distribution characteristics were showed in the form of a map of the incidence by ArcGIS 10.3. Results The overall incidence rate of scrub in Guangzhou city from 2006 to 2015 was 4.42 per 100 thousand of human population. The cases were accounted intensively from June to November, and the highest incidence of scrub typhus concentrated in the age group of 50-59, The incidence in surroundings was significantly higher than that in center in Guangzhou. Conclusion Since 2006, the incidence of scrub typhus in Guangzhou city was rising and had obvious difference in space distribution. The monitoring in the high-risk areas and populations should be enhanced.
  • Spatial-temporal analysis of dengue fever in Shenzhen,China,2014
    XU Yan-zi, WU Nan, ZHANG Zhen, WANG Jing-zhong
    Chines Journal of Vector Biology and Control. 2017, 28(4): 340-342. https://doi.org/10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2017.04.008
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    Objective To understand the spatial-temporal distribution of dengue fever epidemics in Shenzhen city, 2014. Methods Geographic information database was established by using the incidence data of dengue fever and demographic data reported. Global indication of spatial autocorrelation, local indication of spatial autocorrelation, and spatial-temporal clustering analysis were conducted with software ArcGIS 10.2 and SaTScan to determine high risk areas of dengue fever. Results The occurrence of local cases had a characteristic of seasonality, mainly occurred in September and October. The spatial aggregation of dengue fever was obvious in Shenzhen city, 2014. The spatial-temporal clustering analysis showed that the most likely clustering was mainly at Southwest districts of Shenzhen city, such as Shekou, Zhaoshang, and Yuehai counties (LLR=44.46, RR=7.30, P<0.001). Conclusion Obvious spatial-temporal clustering of dengue fever distribution was found in Shenzhen city, Attention should be paid to the hot spots in monitoring and early warning to mitigate the transmission.

  • Investigation on rodent-borne pathogens at frontier ports in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region
    YE Hai-bo, WAN Dao-zheng, XU Jia, YUN Xiao-yun, ZHANG Xiao-long, QIN Feng-kui, CHEN Jian-chao, FANG Yong, YAO Li-si
    Chines Journal of Vector Biology and Control. 2017, 28(4): 343-346. https://doi.org/10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2017.04.009
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    Objective To understand the prevalence of rodent-borne pathogens in the ports of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region. Methods The small mammals were captured by mouse cages in eight ports in Guangxi. The small mammals lung, liver and kidney specimens were obtained by dissection in laboratory. Total RNA was extracted from lung specimens, and Hantavirus nucleotide acid was amplified by RT-PCR. DNA was extracted from liver and kidney specimens. Rickettsia, Borrelia burgdorferi, Bartonella and Leptospira interrogans nucleotide acid were amplified by PCR, respectively. Results A total of 86 small mammals including Rattus tanezumi, R. norvegicus, and Suncus murinus were captured. The positive rate of Hantavirus, Bartonella, and Leptospira interrogans nucleotide acid were 3.5%(3/86), 2.3%(2/86), and 35.3%(6/17); No Rickettsia and B. burgdorferi spirochetes were detected in this study. Conclusion Hantavirus, Bartonella, and Leptospira interrogans might be carried by small mammals in the regions of Guangxi ports. It is necessary to strengthen rodent-borne diseases surveillance in the ports of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region.
  • Investigation and analysis of rodent-borne pathogens in Inner Mongolia port areas of China from 2014 to 2015
    JIN Mu-zi, YUN Hua, CHEN Yu-fei, XU Rui-xing, LI Bin
    Chines Journal of Vector Biology and Control. 2017, 28(4): 347-349. https://doi.org/10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2017.04.010
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    Objective To investigate the pathogen carrier in Inner Mongolia Manchuria port in 2014-2015, in order to provide material basic for further work in epidemic monitoring. Methods To investigate the distribution of rodents, and detect pathogens using PCR or RT-PCR method from May 2014 to April 2015 in Inner Mongolia port areas. Results A total of 828 rodents of 19 species, of which Allactaga sibirica, Spermophilus dauricus, and Cricetulus barabensis accounted for 27.05%(224/828), 23.19%(192/828), and 17.39%(144/828), respectively. There were significant differences in the distribution of rodent species. Detection of Yersinia pestis DNA from the Euchoreutes naso, of Borrelia burgdorferi from Cricetulus barabensis, Euchoreutes naso, Allactaga sibirica, S. dauricus, of Hantavirus from C. barabensis, E. naso, Mus musculus, A. sibirica, and S. dauricus. Conclusion There was a broad and diverse distribution of rodents in the Inner Mongolia. There were also natural infection with Y. pestis, B. burgdorferi, and Hantavirus. In the future, we should strengthen the monitoring and prevention and control of these diseases.
  • Detection of Bartonella from rodent-harboring fleas and free-living ticks at Alashankou pass,China-Kazakhstan border
    YIN Xiao-ping, ZHAO Shan-shan, TIAN Yan-he, BA Te, ZHANG Jiang-guo, CHENG Tian-li, WANG Yuan-zhi
    Chines Journal of Vector Biology and Control. 2017, 28(4): 350-353. https://doi.org/10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2017.04.011
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    Objective To detect Bartonella spp. nucleic acid from main ectoparasite fleas in rodents and free-living ticks from Alashankou pass, China-Kazakhstan border. Methods Collected fleas and ticks were then identified by morphological features. After species identification, genome DNA was extracted and detected by PCR targeting gltA, ITS and ribC of Bartonella spp. The amplified products were sequenced and the sequences analyzed using the Blast. A phylogenetic tree was constructed using Mega 6.0 software. Results A total 2 139 fleas (7 species, 6 genera) were identified. Xenopsylla minax was the predominant species. A total of 243 free-living ticks were identified as Hyalomma asiaticum. Only X. minax, Coptospllya lamellifer ardua, and Parddoxopsyllus repandustested positive for Bartonella spp. and all the ticks were negative. Sequence analysis showed that three different sequences, DNAman homology were 93.61%, 52.54%, and 86.72%, respective, gltA, ITS, and ribC. Blast and phylogenetic analyses showed that this three Bartonella and Bartonella sp. AL01,02, 04 were same sequence. Conclusion Bartonella nucleic acid was detected in three different wild rat-flea species at Alashankou pass.
  • The molecular characteristics and epidemiological analysis of Hantavirus in southeast coastal area of China from 1980 to 2015
    HUANG Peng, YANG Zhang-nyu, LIU Yuan, YAO Ping-ping, HU Jian-li, WANG Xiao-chen, YU Jian-jia, LI Jun, HAN Ya-ping, JIN Ke, YANG Long, ZHANG Yun, YUE Ming
    Chines Journal of Vector Biology and Control. 2017, 28(4): 354-358. https://doi.org/10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2017.04.012
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    Objective To analyze the genetic evolution and epidemiological pattern of Hantavirus (HV) isolated from different hosts, vectors and patients in different time from different regions of southeastern China from 1980 to 2015. Methods The mutation site and frequency in S, M segment hypervariable region of HV isolated from southeastern China,including Jiangsu province, Zhejiang province, Shanghai and Fujian province, from 1980 to 2015 were detected. Combining the information of HV, hosts, vectors, environment and epidemiology, the HV evolution laws in different regions, time, natural reservoir and important vectors were analyzed. Results The HV strains isolated from the hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) patients in the southeast coastal area were mainly the Hantaan virus (HTNV), which were highly homologous with the 76-118 strain. While the Seoul virus (SEOV) carried by patients exhibited the highest sequence similarity to the Z37 strain. The southeast coastal area is the mixed type of HV-affected area, with apparent endemicity. The HV isolated from the rodents shared the highest identity to SEOV. The HV clades were related to host types and the locations of sample collection. SEOV was carried primarily by Rattus norvegicus, while HTNV was carried primarily by Apodemus agrarius. Conclusion The formation and maintenance of HFRS epidemic areas show a certain regularity.
  • Analysis on epidemiological characteristics of typhus in Yunnan province,China in 2005-2014
    YA Hong-xiang, ZHANG Yun-zhi, XI Yan-mei
    Chines Journal of Vector Biology and Control. 2017, 28(4): 359-361. https://doi.org/10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2017.04.013
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    Objective To understand epidemiological characteristics of typhus, in order to provide the scientific basis for prevention and control of this disease. Methods The incidence data of typhus were collected from Disease Reporting Information System in Yunnan province in 2005-2014, and descriptive epidemiological analysis and SPSS 16.0 software were conducted on the data. Results A total of 10 712 typhus cases distributed in 106 counties (districts) of Yunnan province with an average incidence of 2.34/100 000 from 2005 to 2014, including 0 deaths. Among them, 77.03% of the cases were from Xishuangbanna prefecture with the highest incidence of 76.56/100 000 in the province. There were statistical significances among the incidence of different areas (χ2=2.603, P<0.05). Of these patients, 65.52% of the cases occurred in summer-autumn seasons (from June to November), 18.51% were in the group of patients aged 30-39,proportion of male and female was 1:1.44, 57.21% were farmers. There were statistical significances among the annual incidence of different occupational groups(χ2=3.280, P<0.05). Conclusion Typhus cases in Yunnan province were mainly sporadic and primarily concentrated in Xishuangbanna prefecture, so the prevention and control measure in the key areas should be strengthened.
  • Resistance of Musca domestica to commonly used insecticides in Anshun city,China in 2016
    LIANG Wen-qin, XIE Peng-liang, DAI Hui, LI Hong, TIAN Zhen-zao, LIU Zhao-bing, ZOU Zhi-ting
    Chines Journal of Vector Biology and Control. 2017, 28(4): 362-363. https://doi.org/10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2017.04.014
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    Objective To investigate the resistance of Musca domestica to commonly used insecticides in Anshun city, Guizhou province, provide guidance in the control of M. domestica. Methods WHO recommended topical application method was used to determine the resistance levels of M. domestica to four insecticides in Xixiu district, development zone and Pingba county. The experimental data were statistically analyzed by SPSS 17.0 software. Results Musca domestica in Anshun city showed different levels of resistance to four commonly used insecticides. Statistics revealed that the resistance to propoxur could not obtain results by using topical application method, which was significantly different from the other three insecticides. The median lethal dose (LD50) of the adult flies against DDVP, beta-cypemethrin, and deltamethrin were 0.526-0.739, 0.135-0.254, and 0.108-0.176 μg, and the resistance ratios were 175.33-246.33, 7.94-14.94, and 15.43-25.14, respectively; that the resistance to DDVP was the highest. Conclusion Musca domestica in Anshun city have developed resistance to the tested insecticides, especially to propoxur and DDVP. Therefore, in practice, insecticides resistance surveillance should be highlighted for wise use of insecticides.
  • Analysis on resistance trend of Musca domestica to different types of insecticides in Hebei province,China,during 2012-2016
    HAN Xiao-li, MA Li-hua, HUANG Gang, GAO Wen, WANG Xi-ming
    Chines Journal of Vector Biology and Control. 2017, 28(4): 364-367. https://doi.org/10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2017.04.015
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    Objective To monitor the resistance level of Musca domestica to different types of insecticides in Hebei province, China, understand the resistance characteristics and development trend. The changes of resistance to different insecticides were compared in the laboratory without selection pressure, to provide reference for effective chemical control. Methods During 2012-2016 in Hebei province, 83 sampling sites, such as garbage site, farmers market and other breeding sites were selected in 11 cities (districts). Adult houseflies were collected by net trapping, and reared for 1-2 generations in the laboratory, 3-5 days old female adults were used for assay. The resistance level to different types of insecticides was determined by the method of drip method, and the trend of resistance of M. domestica was analyzed by comparing the historical data. Results Musca domestica in Hebei province showed moderate to high levels of resistance to pyrethroid, the degree of resistance varied with organophosphorus, carbamate, and organochlorine. In comparison with the historical data, it was found that the resistance to DDVP declined, then gradually, steadily and slightly increased. Resistance to permethrin significantly increased. The average decline of resistance to permethrin, beta-cypermethrin and DDVP was 90.39%, 89.23%, and 80.41%, after 59 generations in the laboratory in the absence of pesticide selection. Conclusion Musca domestica in Hebei province had different degrees of resistance to four types of insecticides, and the resistance levels to permethrin, cypermethrin, and DDVP declined at varied magnitudes.
  • Studies on Sarcophagidae in Liaoning province,China
    GUAN Yu-hui, WANG Chun-yu, ZHANG Jia-yong, DING Jun, BAI Yu-yin
    Chines Journal of Vector Biology and Control. 2017, 28(4): 368-372. https://doi.org/10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2017.04.016
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    Objective To study faunal characteristic of Sarcophagidae in Liaoning province, China. Methods During 2010-2015, fly investigation was conducted in eastern Liaoning Changbai mountain, western Liaoning-Hebei hilly area, northwestern Liaoning Nuluerhu hilly area and Liaohe watershed by insect netting. Flies were collected from different geographical landscapes, then pinned and identified by morphological taxonomy. Sarcophagidae fauna was classified by ecology and zoogeography principles. Results In total, 94 species of Sarcrophagidae flies belonging to 30 genera in 3 subfamilies spread over Liaoning province. Judging by the distribution of the flies in the natural areas, the Sarcophagidae belong to Northeast China of Northeastern Asia in Palaearctic Region. It has the highest common component with the Oriental community, most endemic species, and the closest similarities. Followed Palaearctic Region were New Northern, African, Australian and New Tropics. The highest domestic similarity was found with North China, followed by Mengxin, Central China, Southwest, Qinghai-Tibet and South China. Conclusion Geological structure conditions is one of the important factors to cause the species diversity of flies. The distribution of the flies in each region is in accordance with the climatic and geographical conditions of the region, but also with the region's climate and land geological history consistent, especially the Quaternary glacial, where the distribution of flies coincides with the dramatic changes in climate and the natural environment. The southward glacial ice sheet climates forced the northern part of the forest flies following the Taijialin moving southward. In the process of long-term natural selection of Sarcophagidae in Liaoning province, the composition of complex and a variety of unique faunal features were established.
  • Case report of mite dermatitis caused by Dermanyssus gallinae(Acari:Dermanyssidae) in Beijing,China
    LI Gui-chang, CHENG Yan-lei, WU Hai-xia, MENG Feng-xia, GUO Yu-hong, LIU Qi-yong
    Chines Journal of Vector Biology and Control. 2017, 28(4): 373-375. https://doi.org/10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2017.04.017
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    Objective To investigate the cause of dermatitis cases in a urban area of Beijing in 2016. Methods Specimen identification, field investigation and literature retrieval were performed to find the cause of dermatitis so that the proposal for the patients was put forward. Results The typical symptoms included skin red papules and itch. Some small red bugs were collected from the bed by the patients and the specimens were identified as chicken mite Dermanyssus gallinae. The mites disappeared after the patients sprayed pyrethroid insecticide aerosol in their apartment. We checked the apartment and found no rodent infestation and pet activities. Instead, sparrows and pigeons were seen on the windowsill frequently. There have been six dermatitis case reports infested by D. gallinae in China so far. All mites in the case reports were introduced by chickens or sparrows. Conclusion Based on the investigation results, we speculated that the birds on the windowsill carried the chicken mites into the patient's apartment which caused the dermatitis.
  • Fauna and a new species of hematophagous midges (Diptera:Ceratopogonidae) in Dejiang county,Guizhou province,China
    LIU Guo-ping, TIAN Zhen-zao, FU Shi-hong, ZHOU Jing-zhu, LI Yuan-yuan, WANG Ding-ming, LIANG Guo-dong
    Chines Journal of Vector Biology and Control. 2017, 28(4): 376-378. https://doi.org/10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2017.04.018
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    This paper reports 2 genera, 16 species of hematophagous midges in 2016 in Dejiang county, Guizhou province, China, among which 13 species in Culicoides and 3 species in Lasiohelea. A new species C. (Oecacta) qinglongensis Liu, sp. nov. was described. Five species, C. actoni, C. kongmiaoensis, C. newsteadi, C. parahumeralis, and La. danxinensis were recorded for the first time in Guizhou province. Culicoides (O.) qinglongensis Liu, sp. nov. wassomewhat allied to C.(O.) okinawensis Arnaud, 1956, but was distinctly different from wing length 1.38 mm, antennasensilla coeloconica present on segments 3-14, antennal ratio (AR)1.28, mandible with 17 teeth of female; and shape of aedeagus, parameres, and basistyle with ventral root of male of C. (O.) okinawensis Arnaud, 1956. The type specimens are deposited in the PLA Shenyang Command Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Shenyang 110034).
  • Description of a new species of genus Forcipomyia Meigen from Ningbo,China (Dipter:Ceratopogonidae)
    MA Xiao, SUN Bin, YU Yi-xin
    Chines Journal of Vector Biology and Control. 2017, 28(4): 379-380. https://doi.org/10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2017.04.019
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    A new species of biting midge that was collected by light trapping from Dong qian Lake in Ningbo city, Zhejiang province, China, in April, 2016, was named as Forcipomyia (Pedilohelea) zhuguangfengi Ma, Sun et Yu, sp. nov., and was descripted here. The holotype specimen was deposited in the Specimen Collection of Medical Insects (Fengtai 100071,Beijing). The paratype specimens were deposited in the Ningbo City Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Ningbo 315010, Zhejiang).

  • Research on acetylcholinesterase activity of Musca domestica in Hangzhou city
    CHEN Bing-bing, WEI Ling-ya, KONG Qing-xin
    Chines Journal of Vector Biology and Control. 2017, 28(4): 381-382. https://doi.org/10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2017.04.020
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    Objective To measure the acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity of Musca domestica in Hangzhou city, finding its correlation with the high resistance to propoxur. Methods Determiningpropoxur resistance level of M. domestica with topical application method, using colorimetric method to calculate the hydrolysis activity of susceptible strains and field strains, analyzing the residual activity of field strains. Results The LD50 of field strains was higher than 400 μg, and the resistance coefficient was higher than 2 500. The AChE hydrolysis activity of susceptible strains and field strains were (0.291±0.114) and (0.360±0.104) μmol/(mg·min), respectively (t=2.692, P=0.009). The field strains in the proportion of 38.89% were insusceptible to propoxur. Conclusion The biochemical properties of AChE in Hangzhou city field strains were greatly changed as compared with the susceptible strains, the AChE hydrolysis activity increased and its susceptibility to propoxur declined, suggesting those may be the main causes of the high propoxurresistance of M. domestica in Hangzhou city.
  • Analysis of population density and insecticide resistance of Aedes albopictus in Hubei province,China,in 2016
    XIONG Jin-feng, YANG Rui, TAN Liang-fei, YAO Xuan
    Chines Journal of Vector Biology and Control. 2017, 28(4): 383-385. https://doi.org/10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2017.04.021
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    Objective To investigate the population density of Aedes albopictus larvae and its resistance to commonly used insecticides, so as to provide scientific data for dengue vector mosquito control in Hubei province, China. Methods The density of Ae. albopictus larvae were monitored by Breteau index (BI) method from May to October in 2016, and WHO recommended method-bioassays were performed on the collected Ae. albopictus. With reference to the S-lab (a laboratory strain from National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention), insecticides resistance were tested with dipping method on larvae. Results The population density of Ae. albopictus throughout the year shows a high peak period from May to July, with the maximum index reaches 44.00 in June in Yichang city. The resistance indices were 2.50-15.00 against deltamethrin, 3.56-8.33 against beta-cypermethrin, 3.40-7.45 against permethrin, and 0.31-2.19 against temephos, respectively. Aedes albopictus at all four monitoring sites showed low resistance to beta-cypermethrin and permethrin, and was susceptible to temephos. As to deltamethrin, three sites showed moderate resistance except for the site in Jingzhou city which showed susceptible. Conclusion May to July is a key period for Ae. albopictus control. Integrated management should be adopted and the strategic use of insecticides should be considered to delay the development of resistance.
  • Resistance of Aedes albopictus to commonly used insecticides in Jiangmen city,Guangdong province,2016
    OU Bo-wen, ZHANG Jin-miao, ZHU Yu-ping, HUANG Mu-chang, HUANG Xiao-jiang, HUANG Yue-zhi
    Chines Journal of Vector Biology and Control. 2017, 28(4): 386-389. https://doi.org/10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2017.04.022
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    Objective To investigate the resistance in larvae and adults of Aedes albopictus to five commonly used insecticides in Jiangmen city, Guangdong province, China in 2016. Methods WHO recommended methods-bioassays were performed on the collected Ae. albopictus. With reference to the laboratory susceptible strain, insecticides resistance was tested with exposure tubes on adults and dipping method on larvae. Results The LC50 values of temephos, propoxur, deltamethrin, beta-cypermethrin, and permethrin for 7 populations of Ae. albopictus larvae were 0.001 8-0.005 7, 1.031 9-2.778 5, 0.003 8-0.015 0, 0.004 3-0.025 4, and 0.002 1-0.027 9 mg/L, respectively (resistant ratio 0.7-2.3, 1.5-3.9, 4.2-16.7, 3.3-19.5, and 0.4-5.0, respectively). Seven populations of adult mosquitoes can be considered susceptible or probable resistance to malathion, propoxur and permethrin. Three populations of adult Ae. albopictus (Jianghai district, Xinhui district and Heshan city) were resistant to deltamethrin (mortality 75.93%, 64.15%, and 78.69%). Two populations of adult Ae. albopictus (Pengjiang district and Enping city) were resistant to beta-cypermethrin (mortality 77.19% and 73.42%). Conclusion The larvae of Ae. albopictus in Jiangmen city are susceptible to temephos and have developed different levels of insecticide resistance to propoxur and pyrethroids. Adult mosquitoes showed remarkable resistance or probable resistance to pyrethroids.
  • Analysis on epidemic characteristic of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome in Zhengzhou,China,during 2005-2015
    LI Guo-wei, SHAO Yu-pu, WANG Wan-min, SONG Cai-juan, LI Xiao-hong, HAN Tong-wu
    Chines Journal of Vector Biology and Control. 2017, 28(4): 390-391. https://doi.org/10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2017.04.023
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    Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) in Zhengzhou, China from 2005 to 2015 and provide scientific evidence for prevention and control of the disease. Methods Descriptive epidemiological analysis was conducted on the surveillance data of HFRS in Zhengzhou city from 2005 to 2015, prevalence and the composition of the comparative data are statistically described. Results A total of 70 cases of HFRS were reported in Zhengzhou city, 2005-2015, the average annual incidence was 0.079 per 100 000; the disease mainly occurred in winter and spring. The cases in Zhongmu, Xingyang, Jinshui districts accounted for 28.57%, 18.57%, and 12.86% respectively and significantly higher than other regions. The 72.86% of total cases were over 40 years old; the ratio of male to female cases was 3.38:1; most cases were farmers and industrial workers. Conclusion In recent years the incidences of epidemic HFRS were scattered in Zhengzhou city, it is necessary to take deratization and health education.
  • Surveillance and analysis of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome in Zibo,China,2015
    WANG Ling, WANG Tao, ZHANG Ling, JIANG Xiao-lin, WANG Zhi-qiang
    Chines Journal of Vector Biology and Control. 2017, 28(4): 392-395. https://doi.org/10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2017.04.024
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    Objective To analyze the epidemic characteristics of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome(HFRS), the distribution and virus-carrying status of host animals in Zibo, China in 2015, so as to provide evidences for establishing prevention and control measures. Methods Descriptive epidemiological analysis was conducted on the incidence data of HFRS, Excel 2007 and SPSS 16.0 software were used to analyze the surveillance data of HFRS host animals. Results A total of 84 cases including one death were reported in the entire city in 2015, a decline of 35.88% compared with that in 2014, and the case fatality rate was 1.19%. The cases were distributed mainly in Yiyuan county and Zichuan district,which accounted for 72.62%. Middle and old-aged male farmers were the main victims in these cases. The age group of 45-69 accounted for 70.24% of the cases. Two peak seasons were observed in spring (March-May) and autumn-winter (October-December). The average rodent density was 5.99%, the virus-carrying rate was 8.80%. Rattus norvegicus was the predominant species of rodents in the residential areas. In the farm land, the predominant species was Apodemus agrarius. All the 11 lung samples isolated from R. norvegicus in autumn were positive as Soul virus. Conclusion The incidence rate of HFRS declined in Zibo city, but the rodent density and the virus-carrying rate were still high in some areas, the risk of HFRS outbreaks in these areas remains. It is necessary to strengthen immunization, rodent control and health education in high-endemic areas.
  • Research progress of fungus carried by Musca domestica
    XUE Zhi-jing, ZHANG Rui-ling, ZHUANG Gui-fen, HUNAG Zhen-dong, ZHANG Zhong
    Chines Journal of Vector Biology and Control. 2017, 28(4): 396-399. https://doi.org/10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2017.04.025
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    The housefly (Musca domestica) is known to be a vector of diseases, living closely to human dwellings. The flies could contaminate drinking water, food and other products and mechanically transmit some pathogens, such as viruses, bacteria, fungi and protozoa. The fungus carried by M. domesticas including opportunistically pathogenic fungus. Some fungi carried by house flies could contaminate human foods while others could produce teratogenic, mutagenicand carcinogenic mycotoxins. However, studies focusing on fungus carried by house flies were not evaluated adequately. We reviewed the fungi carried by M. domestica based on the international literatures in this paper.
  • Tick salivary gland anti-hemostatic molecules and research progress
    YANG Xiao-hong, MENG Hao, QI Li-li, LIU Jing-ze
    Chines Journal of Vector Biology and Control. 2017, 28(4): 400-404. https://doi.org/10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2017.04.026
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    Ticks are obligatory blood feeding ectoparasites, they can transmit various pathogens causing severe damages to human health and animal husbandry. Tick salivary gland can secrete various anti-hemostatic compounds, which play important roles in feeding on host and pathogen transmission. The anti-hemostatic compounds derived from salivary glands of ticks can be divided into three types:platelet aggregation inhibitors, vasodilators and anticoagulants. Here, we reviewed research progress on the anti-hemostatic compounds of ticks, in hope of providing basic knowledge for further exploring the tick-host interaction and promoting pharmacological studies on these compounds.
  • Advances in molecular biology of Angiostrongylus cantonensis
    OU Yang-yi
    Chines Journal of Vector Biology and Control. 2017, 28(4): 405-408. https://doi.org/10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2017.04.027
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    Angiostrongyliasis is a new infectious disease with eosinophilic meningitis or meningoencephalitis. In recent years, the rapid development of molecular biology technology has promoted the research on the identification,epidemiological investigation, phylogenetic relationship and molecular profile of proteins Angiostrongylus cantonensis. In this paper, the recent research on the application of molecular biology techniques to A. cantonensis was reviewed.
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