Abstract: Objective To analyze the species composition and interannual and seasonal fluctuations of main host animals and flea vectors at historical and new plague foci in Jianchuan county, Yunnan province, China, and to explore the relationship between the population characteristics of hosts and vectors and plague epidemics. Methods Plague surveillance data were collected from Shaxi town surveillance point (historical) and Jinhua town surveillance point (new) in Jianchuan county, Yunnan province from 2012 to 2021. Descriptive and correlation methods were used to analyze the population characteristics of major host animals and fleas. Results The host animals found at Shaxi town surveillance point involved 22 species, 19 genera, 7 families, and 6 orders (outdoors:20 species, 18 genera, 7 families, and 6 orders; indoors:5 species, 4 genera, 2 orders, and 2 families). The host animals found at Jinhua town surveillance point involved 21 species, 17 genera, 6 families, and 5 orders (outdoors:20 species, 17 genera, 6 families, and 5 orders; indoors:10 species, 8 genera, 5 families, and 3 orders). The dominant species were Eothenomys miletus and Apodemus chevrieri at both monitoring sites, accounting for 37.73% and 45.90% in Shaxi town and 35.86% and 51.43% in Jinhua town, respectively. The fleas collected at the two surveillance sites involved 8 species, 8 genera, and 3 families (rodent body fleas:8 species, 8 genera, and 3 families; nest fleas:4 species, 4 genera, and 2 families). In Shaxi town, the body flea infestation rate was 28.91% (3 693/12 772), and the total flea index was 0.79 (10 144/12 772). In Jinhua town, the body flea infestation rate was 29.39% (959/3 263), and the total flea index was 0.71 (2 321/3 263). Frontopsylla spadix and Neopsylla specialis were the dominant species at both monitoring sites, accounting for 33.20% and 16.30% in Shaxi town and 36.49% and 19.09% in Jinhua town, respectively. Conclusion By comparing the population characteristics of main host animals and flea vectors at historical and new plague foci in Jianchuan county, it is indicated that the population characteristics of A. chevrieri and ectoparasitic F. spadix and N. specialis are more closely related to plague epidemics.

Key words: Plague, Historical, New, Host animal, Flea vector, Comparative analysis

摘要： 目的 分析云南省剑川县历史和新发鼠疫疫点主要宿主动物和媒介蚤种类构成、年际和季节消长趋势，探讨宿主和媒介种群特征与鼠疫流行的关系。方法 收集2012－2021年云南省剑川县沙溪镇监测点（历史鼠疫疫点）和金华镇监测点（新发鼠疫疫点）的鼠疫监测数据，采用描述性和相关性统计方法分析主要宿主动物、蚤类的种群特征。结果 沙溪镇监测点共发现动物6目7科19属22种，其中室外发现6目7科18属20种，室内发现2目2科4属5种；金华镇监测点共发现宿主动物5目6科17属21种，其中室外发现5目6科17属20种，室内发现3目5科8属10种；2个监测点均以大绒鼠和齐氏姬鼠为优势种，其中沙溪镇这2种鼠的构成比分别为37.73%和45.90%，金华镇分别为35.86%和51.43%。2个监测点检获媒介蚤3科8属8种，其中鼠体蚤3科8属8种，巢穴蚤2科4属4种；沙溪镇鼠体染蚤率为28.91%（3 693/12 772），总蚤指数为0.79（10 144/12 772）；金华镇鼠体染蚤率为29.39%（959/3 263），总蚤指数为0.71（2 321/3 263）；2个监测点均以棕形额蚤和特新蚤为优势种，其中沙溪镇这2种蚤的构成比分别为33.20%和16.30%，金华镇分别为36.49%和19.09%。结论 对比分析剑川县历史和新发鼠疫疫点主要宿主动物和媒介蚤的种群特征，发现齐氏姬鼠及其鼠体棕形额蚤、特新蚤的种群特征与鼠疫流行关系更为密切。

关键词: 鼠疫, 历史, 新发, 宿主动物, 媒介蚤, 对比分析