Abstract: In 2021, the national surveillance of rodent-borne pathogens of disease vectors had been started up, and a total of 123 prefectures were selected as national surveillance sites. Sampling was completed at 95 surveillance sites. A total of 17 910 rodent specimens were collected, and 16 891 of them were tested. The completion rate of pathogen detection was 94.31%. The overall infection rate of eight monitored rodent-borne pathogens around China was 2.43% (407/16 716) for Hantavirus, 0.02% (4/16 154) for Dabie bandavirus (i.e., severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus), 5.75% (624/10 850) for Leptospira interrogans, 0.11% (5/4 470) for Rickettsia mooseri, 0.05% (5/10 790) for Orientia tsutsugamushi, 2.39% (75/3 136) for Bartonella, and 0.04% (2/5 075) for Anaplasma phagocytophilum. Francisella tularensis was not detected. More than ten species of rodents were found to be infected with different pathogens in 18 provinces across China. The infection rates of pathogens in rodents in southern regions were relatively high, and the positive rates of pathogens carried by various rodents differed. Rattus norvegicus and Apodemus agrarius were the species in which the most pathogens were detected.

Key words: Disease vector, Rodent, Rodent-borne pathogen, Surveillance, Quantitative polymerase chain reaction

摘要： 2021年启动全国病媒生物鼠传病原监测工作，在全国123个地级市（区）设置国家级监测点，其中95个监测点完成采样工作，总共采集鼠类标本17 910只，检测16 891只，病原检测完成率为94.31%。8种监测鼠传病原体全国总感染率分别为：汉坦病毒2.43%（407/16 716）、大别班达病毒（即原发热伴血小板减少综合征病毒）0.02%（4/16 154）、问号钩端螺旋体5.75%（624/10 850）、莫氏立克次体0.11%（5/4 470）、恙虫病东方体0.05%（5/10 790）、巴尔通体2.39%（75/3 136）和嗜吞噬细胞无形体0.04%（2/5 075），未检出土拉弗朗西斯菌。全国共计18个省监测到10余种鼠类分别感染不同病原的情况，南方省份鼠类病原感染率相对较高，不同鼠种携带病原的阳性率不同，褐家鼠和黑线姬鼠为病原检出较多的鼠种。

关键词: 病媒生物, 啮齿动物, 鼠传病原, 监测, 定量聚合酶链式反应