Abstract: Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of typhus in Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture (Xishuangbanna Prefecture), China, and to provide a scientific basis for typhus prevention and control. Methods Data related to typhus in Xishuangbanna Prefecture from 2016 to 2020 were collected from the Chinese Disease Control and Prevention Information System. Descriptive epidemiological methods, Chi-square test, correlation analysis, and regression analysis were used to analyze the data. Results The five-year average annual incidence of typhus in Xishuangbanna Prefecture was 9.40/100 000 (n=554), with the highest incidence reported in Mengla county (31.15/100 000, n=457). The incidence was concentrated in the urban area and some townships of Mengla county, with a male-female ratio of 1∶1.12, mainly in farmers, followed by students. The reported incidence was obviously seasonal and peaked from May to October, which was also the peak period of the local indoor rodent density and the monitoring index of Xenopsylla cheopis on the body of rodents. The number of reported cases in the current month was positively correlated with the indoor rodent density in the last month (r=0.777, P=0.003), and also positively correlated with the index of X. cheopis in rodents in the last month (r=0.772, P=0.003). Conclusion Some townships in Mengla county, Xishuangbanna Prefecture may have natural foci of endemic typhus, and rodents and fleas in rodents may be the determinants of typhus epidemic. It is suggested that the local government should focus on the rural areas and rural-urban fringes, conduct health education for susceptible populations, and strengthen the monitoring and control of animals in potential epidemic foci to prevent and control the epidemic of typhus.

Key words: Typhus, Epidemiological characteristic, Correlation analysis, Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture

摘要： 目的 分析西双版纳傣族自治州（西双版纳州）斑疹伤寒流行特征，为斑疹伤寒预防控制提供科学依据。方法 从中国疾病预防控制信息系统中收集西双版纳州2016－2020年斑疹伤寒相关资料，运用描述流行病学方法，利用χ²检验、相关分析及回归分析等方法对数据进行分析。结果 西双版纳州5年间斑疹伤寒年平均发病率为9.40/10万（n=554），勐腊县报告发病数最多，发病率为31.15/10万（n=457），病例集中在勐腊县城区和部分乡（镇），男女性别比为1∶1.12，职业以农民为主，其次为学生。报告病例呈明显季节性，5－10月为报告发病高峰期，亦是当地室内鼠密度与鼠体印鼠客蚤监测指数高峰期，当月报告发病数与前1个月室内鼠密度呈正相关（r=0.777，P=0.003），与前1个月鼠体印鼠客蚤指数也呈正相关（r=0.772，P=0.003）。结论 西双版纳州勐腊县部分乡（镇）可能存在地方性斑疹伤寒自然疫源地，鼠与鼠体蚤可能是斑疹伤寒流行的决定因素；建议当地政府以农村和城乡结合部为重点，做好易感人群健康教育，加强疫源地动物的监测与控制，预防控制斑疹伤寒流行。

关键词: 斑疹伤寒, 流行特征, 相关性分析, 西双版纳傣族自治州