Abstract: Objective To monitor the small mammal species in the four port areas of Zhongshan port (Zhongshan, Shenwan, Xiaolan, and Huangpu port areas) in China, and to investigate the parasites and natural pathogens carried by the small mammals. Methods From May 2020 to May 2022, small mammals were captured by night trapping with cages in the four port areas of Zhongshan port. Ectoparasites were collected from the small mammals, followed by nucleic acid extraction. The small mammals’ liver, spleen, lung, and kidney were harvested for nucleic acid extraction. The small mammals and ectoparasites were identified using the cytochrome c oxidase subunit Ⅰ gene, with the primers Batl5310/R6036R and LCO1490/HCO2198 for amplification, respectively. According to the standards for small mammal pathogen detection at frontier ports, the captured small mammals were examined for Yersinia pestis, hantavirus, pathogenic Leptospira, Bartonella, and Francisella tularensis. The Chi-square test was used to analyze the distribution of small mammals in the four port areas and the status of ectoparasite infestation and natural pathogen infection. Results A total of 1 630 trap-times were set in the four port areas of Zhongshan port, and 48 small mammals were captured. The average density was 2.94%. Five small mammals were caught in Zhongshan port area, 24 in Shenwan port area, 7 in Xiaolan port area, and 12 in Huangpu port area, with average densities of 1.23%, 5.88%, 1.73%, and 2.93%, respectively. A total of 34 ectoparasites were obtained, including 17 sucking lice, 12 mites, 4 fleas, and 1 tick. The small mammals’ louse, mite, flea, and tick infestation rates were 10.42%, 12.50%, 6.25%, and 2.08%, respectively. There were no significant difference in the four kinds of ectoparasite infestation rates of small mammals among the four ports (all P>0.05). Ten small mammals of three species were positive for Bartonella, with an overall positive rate of 20.83%; the positive rate was 50.00% in Huangpu port area, 16.67% in Shenwan port area, and zero in Zhongshan and Xiaolan port areas; 4, 1 and 5 mice were detected positive for Bartonella from 8 Rattus tanezumi, 3 R. norvegicus, and 37 Suncus murinus, respectively. Four Bartonella sequences were identified as B. tribocorum, B. queenslandensis, and B. phoceensis. The species of six sequences could not be determined. The strength of correlation (r) between small mammal species and Bartonella species was 0.765. All the captured small mammals were negative for Y. pestis, hantavirus, F. tularensis, and pathogenic Leptospira. Conclusion The density of small mammals at Zhongshan port is relatively high. The small mammals in all the port areas have ectoparasite infestation. The small mammals in two port areas are positive for Bartonella, with high infection rates. Sanitation management and small mammal-borne disease control should be strengthened.

Key words: Zhongshan port, Small mammal, Bartonella, Ectoparasites

摘要： 目的 监测调查中山口岸4个港区（中山、神湾、小榄和黄圃港区）的小型哺乳动物种类，及其携带媒介昆虫和自然感染鼠类病原体的情况。方法 2020年5月－2022年5月使用笼夜法在中山口岸4个港区捕捉小型哺乳动物，采集其体表寄生虫并提取核酸，然后解剖取肝、脾、肺、肾4种器官的组织提取核酸，使用线粒体细胞色素C氧化酶亚基Ⅰ（COⅠ）基因扩增引物Batl5310/R6036R和LCO1490/ HCO2198分别对小型哺乳动物和其体表寄生虫进行物种分子生物学鉴定；参照国境口岸检测鼠类病原体的行业标准检测捕获小型哺乳动物鼠疫耶尔森菌（鼠疫菌）、汉坦病毒、致病性钩端螺旋体（钩体）、巴尔通体、土拉弗朗西斯菌（土拉菌）的感染情况，并用χ²检验对4个港区小型哺乳动物分布以及其携带寄生虫和自然感染病原体的情况进行统计分析。结果 4个港区共布放鼠笼1 630笼次，捕获小型哺乳动物48只，平均密度为2.94%，其中中山港区5只，神湾港区24只，小榄港区7只，黄圃港区12只，平均密度分别为1.23%、5.88%、1.73%和2.93%。共检出体表寄生虫34只，分别为虱17只，螨12只，蚤4匹，蜱1只，小型哺乳动物染虱率10.42%、染螨率12.50%、染蚤率6.25%、染蜱率2.08%，4个港区间小型哺乳动物各类体表寄生虫染虫率差异均无统计学意义（均P>0.05）。3种共10只小型哺乳动物检测到感染巴尔通体，总阳性率为20.83%，其中黄圃港区巴尔通体阳性率为50.00%、神湾港区为16.67%，中山和小榄港区未检出；从8只黄胸鼠、3只褐家鼠和37只臭鼩中分别检出4、1和5只鼠巴尔通体阳性。检出巴尔通体中4条序列分别鉴定为Bartonella tribocorum、B. queenslandensis、B. phoceensis，6条序列未鉴定到种，鼠种与巴尔通体种类间关联强度为r=0.765。检测鼠疫菌、汉坦病毒、土拉菌及致病性钩体结果均为阴性。结论 中山口岸小型哺乳动物密度较高，各港区小型哺乳动物均有体表寄生虫，其中2个港区的小型哺乳动物有自然感染巴尔通体的情况且感染率高，应加强卫生管理及鼠传疾病的防控工作。

关键词: 中山口岸, 小型哺乳动物, 巴尔通体, 寄生虫