Epidemiological characteristics of scrub typhus cases reported in Hubei province, China, 2009-2020

doi:10.11853/j.issn.1003.8280.2022.04.019

Abstract

Abstract: Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of scrub typhus cases reported in Hubei province, China from 2009 to 2020, and provide scientific evidence for formulating control strategies and measures. Methods The data about cases of scrub typhus reported in Hubei province from 2009 to 2020 were collected from the National Disease Reporting Information System in China. Descriptive epidemiological methods were used to analyze the incidence, mortality, and regional, temporal, and population distributions of scrub typhus with the use of Excel 2010, SPSS 19.0, and ArcGIS 10.3 softwares. Results A total of 364 cases of scrub typhus were reported in Hubei province from 2009 to 2020, including 220 clinically diagnosed cases, 18 confirmed cases, and 126 suspected cases, in which one death was reported. The annual incidence rate was at a mean level of 0.01/100 000 during 2009 to 2015, and has been on the rise since 2016, reaching 0.17/100 000 in 2020 (42.50 times the incidence of 0.004/100 000 in 2009). Over the past 12 years, scrub typhus occurred in a total of 61 counties/districts in 15 cities/prefectures across the province, and 85.71% patients were distributed in Enshi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture, Shiyan, and Huanggang. It occurred mainly in April to October. Most cases (70.88%) were aged between 40 and 69 years. The male-to-female ratio was 1:1.78. Farmers accounted for 69.50% of the total reported cases. The median time from onset to diagnosis was 5 days. Clinically diagnosed cases accounted for the highest proportion (60.44%). The cases were mainly reported from county-level general hospitals. Conclusion Scrub typhus has been on the rise since 2016 in Hubei province, with rapid spreading in the affected areas, characterized by obvious regionality and seasonality and farmers being the most involved population. High-incidence areas should strengthen rodent and mite surveillance, primary-level laboratories' scrub typhus diagnostic capacity, and key populations' health education, so as to reduce the infection risk and control the epidemic of scrub typhus.

Key words: Scrub typhus, Epidemiological characteristic, Surveillance, Analysis

摘要： 目的分析2009－2020年湖北省恙虫病报告病例流行病学特征，为制定防治策略和控制措施提供科学依据。方法收集中国疾病预防控制信息系统2009－2020年湖北省恙虫病病例报告资料，采用Excel 2010、SPSS 19.0和ArcGIS 10.3等软件及描述性流行病学方法对湖北省恙虫病的发病率、死亡率及疾病的地区分布、时间分布和人群分布进行统计分析。结果湖北省2009－2020年共累计报告恙虫病病例364例（其中临床诊断病例220例、确诊病例18例、疑似病例126例），死亡1例；2009－2015年湖北省恙虫病年均发病率为0.01/10万，自2016年开始发病率不断升高，2020年发病率达0.17/10万，是2009年发病率（0.004/10万）的42.50倍；12年间全省累计有15个市（州）61个县（区、市）有病例报告，疫情主要分布在恩施土家族苗族自治州、十堰市和黄冈市，占85.71%；发病时间主要集中在4－10月；发病人群主要集中在40～69岁，占报告病例数的70.88%，男女性别比例为1∶1.78；职业以农民为主，占报告病例数的69.50%。从发病至诊断的时间中位数为5 d，临床诊断病例最多，占60.44%，报告病例主要来自县级综合性医院。结论湖北省恙虫病流行自2016年开始呈逐年上升趋势，发病地区扩散速度较快；具有明显的地区性和季节性，农民为高发人群。建议在疫情高发地区加强对鼠、螨密度的监测，提升基层恙虫病实验室诊断能力，对重点人群加强健康教育，减少感染机会，控制恙虫病的发生和流行。

关键词: 恙虫病, 流行特征, 监测, 分析

CLC Number:

R513.2

YANG Rui, XIE Yan-qiong, LIU Li, YAO Xuan. Epidemiological characteristics of scrub typhus cases reported in Hubei province, China, 2009-2020[J]. Chinese Journal of Vector Biology and Control, 2022, 33(4): 543-547.

杨瑞, 谢艳琼, 刘力, 姚璇. 湖北省2009－2020年恙虫病报告病例流行病学特征分析[J]. 中国媒介生物学及控制杂志, 2022, 33(4): 543-547.

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