Abstract: Objective To investigate the species composition, distribution, seasonal variation, and density of rodents in different environments by analyzing rodent surveillance data in human settlements of Inner Mongolia autonomous region (Inner Mongolia), China, in 2017-2019, and to provide a reference for rodent prevention and control in Inner Mongolia. Methods The trap-at-night method and the path method were used to monitor rodent density once every two months (in odd months), and monitoring was performed in the middle ten days of each odd month, with an interval of no less than 30 days. Surveillance sites were selected from three habitats of urban residential area, special industry, and rural villages, and more than 200 effective traps were placed at each surveillance site in each odd month. Excel 2013 software was used for data analysis, SPSS 25.0 software was used for statistical analysis, and the chi-square test was used for comparison of rates. Results The mean rodent density in Inner Mongolia was 0.53% in 2017-2019, and the dominant species was Mus musculus, followed by Rattus norvegicus, with a composition ratio of 67.57% and 25.94%, respectively, and the other rodent species accounted for 6.49%. There were two peaks in rodent density， namely spring of 2018 and winter of 2019， and the density was generally low in the summer and the autumn. Rural villages had the highest rodent density of 1.10%, and there was also a significant difference in rodent density between different habitats (χ²=51.188, P<0.001). Conclusion There are differences in rodent density and seasonal variation between different years and habitats. Therefore, comprehensive prevention and control measures should be taken to effectively reduce rodent density in human settlements and fundamentally control the risk of rodent-borne diseases.

Key words: Rodent density, Species composition, Seasonal variation, Surveillance

摘要： 目的 通过对内蒙古自治区（内蒙古）2017－2019年人居环境鼠类监测结果分析，了解和掌握该地区人居环境鼠的种类构成、分布、季节消长和在不同环境的鼠密度等规律，为制定该地区鼠类预防和控制方案提供参考依据。方法 采用夹夜法和路径法进行鼠密度监测，每2个月（单月监测）监测1次，每监测月中旬开展监测，2次监测时间间隔≥30 d，监测点包括城市居民区、特殊行业和农村自然村3种环境类型，单月监测时每个监测点布放有效夹>200夹。所得数据使用Excel 2013软件进行整理，用SPSS 25.0软件进行统计学分析，率的比较采用χ²检验。结果 2017－2019年内蒙古地区鼠平均密度为0.53%，小家鼠为该地区的优势鼠种，其次为褐家鼠，构成比分别为67.57%和25.94%，其他鼠种占6.49%；鼠密度出现了2个高峰，即2018年春季和2019年冬季，夏、秋季密度一般较低；不同环境类型的鼠密度以农村自然村最高，为1.10%，不同环境鼠密度差异有统计学意义（χ²=51.188，P<0.001）。结论 内蒙古地区不同年份、不同生境的鼠密度与季节消长变化趋势均有差异，故应有针对性地采取综合防治措施，有效降低该地区人居环境鼠密度，从根本上控制鼠传疾病的发生风险。

关键词: 鼠密度, 种群构成, 季节消长, 监测